Hydrocarbons

Prefixes for Number of Carbons

1-Meth

2-Eth

3-Prop

4-But

5-Pent

6-Hex

7-Hept

8-Oct

9-Non

10-Dec

Alkanes

carbon chains capped with hydrogen

Alkenes

at least 2 carbons that share a double bond

Alkynes

at least 2 carbons that share a triple bond

Cycloalkanes

ring of single-bonded, carbon atoms

Aromatic

ring of alternating single and double bonds

Phenols

group of aromatic compounds with an -OH

Haloalkanes

occur when hydrogen atoms in alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes are substituted with halogens

Alcohols

ccur when an oxygen atom is inserted between carbon and hydrogen atoms in an alkane

Carboxylic acids

occur when -CH3 end of alkane chain is replaced by -COOH

Aldehydes

C=O at the end of the chain

Ketone

Ketones contain C=O in the middle of the chain

Amines

N-H

Ethers

2 alkyl chains attached to an oxygen

Esters

acids where the OH is replaced with an alkyl chain