Oxidase Positive Bacilli

the following bacteria are oxidase _____:

• vibrio

• aeromonas

• plesiomonas

• chromobacterium

positive

the following bacteria are catalase _____:

• vibrio

• aeromonas

• plesiomonas

• chromobacterium

positive

the following bacteria are nitrate _____:

• vibrio

• aeromonas

• plesiomonas

• chromobacterium

positive

the following bacteria are indole _____:

• vibrio

• aeromonas

• plesiomonas

• chromobacterium

positive

there are two vibrio exceptions that are oxidase negative. name the two species.

vibrio metschnikovii; vibrio gazogenes

there are two vibrio exceptions that are nitrate negative. name the two species.

vibrio metschnikovii; vibrio gazogenes

brackish/marine water bugs are associated with which genus?

vibrio

aeromonas, plesiomonas, and chromobacterium are known as ____ water bugs.

fresh

which genus best fits the following characteristics:

• straight, slightly curved GNR

• most are motile

  • darting

  • shooting star motility

vibrio

vibrio species are ____, meaning they have a required increase of NaCl for growth.

halophilic

most species of vibrio are halophilic. list 2 exceptions.

vibrio cholerae; vibrio mimicus

ideally, vibrio specimens (feces/rectal swabs) should be collected/transferred in ____ medium so they will not dry out due to sunlight/acidic pH.

cary-blair

_____ water is acceptable if vibrio is subcultured within 6-8 hours.

alkaline-peptone

vibrio is not fastidious and can grow on BAP, CHOC, and MAC. true or false?

true

vibrio is usually lactose _____.

negative

most species of vibrio are lactose negative? which species of vibrio is the exception?

vibrio vulnificus

which special vibrio media is described below:

• selective

  • inhibitors that create an elevated pH, citrate, bile

• differential

  • pH indicator: bromthymol blue in association with sucrose

    • alkaline = green/blue

    • acidic = yellow

  • hydrogen sulfide system

    • vibrios = H2S negative (no black centers)

TCBS

on a TCBS plate for vibrio cultures, the color _____ indicates alkaline.

green/blue

on a TCBS plate for vibrio cultures, the color _____ indicates acidic.

yellow

which species of vibrio are alkaline on TCBS (green/blue)?

vibrio vulnificus; vibrio parahaemolyticus

which species of vibrio are acidic on TCBS (yellow)?

vibrio cholerae; vibrio alginolyticus

vibrio cholerae requires NaCl for growth. true or false?

false

which species of vibrio is associated with puffer fish neurotoxins?

vibrio alginolyticus

vibrio mimicus requires NaCl for growth. true or false?

false

which species of vibrio is described:

• straight to slightly curved with a single polar flagellum

• motile

  • pili

• mucosinase

• bloody stools/fever not usually not present (non-invasive bacteria)

vibrio cholerae

vibrio cholerae release ____ (choleragen, an enterotoxin) that causes “rice water” stools.

cholera toxins

which vibrio species is associated with the following results:

• stool contains mucus, epithelial cells, electrolytes, bacteria

• can lose as much as 1 liter/hour

• release in small intestine

vibrio cholerae

which serogroup of vibrio cholera is associated with the following:

• causes cholera

• caused all recent outbreaks

• agglutinates serogroup O1 antisera

O1

which serogroup of vibrio cholera is associated with the following:

• Bengal

• SE Asia

• outbreaks

• discovered 1992 in Bangladesh; recently only implicated in sporadic cases

O139

the theory of vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 is to make _____ to increase potential to cause epidemics.

cholera enterotoxin

non-O1 and non-O139 vibrio cholerae serotypes generally cause mild cholerae-like illness, not associated with outbreaks. true or false?

true

vibrio vulnificus can enter the body through wound infections while in _____ via wading/swimming.

contaminated waters

which species of vibrio is associated with septicemia after the ingestion of raw, undercooked seafood, notably oysters and clams.

vibrio vulnificus

which species of vibrio is associated with septicemia where 75% of individuals have underlying liver disease.

vibrio vulnificus

which species causes a mild-moderate cholera-like diarrheal disease?

vibrio parahaemolyticus

the virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus is _____.

hemolysin

vibrio parahaemolyticus is contracted via fecal-oral, but primary when raw-undercooked ____ are ingested.

oysters

the _____ group is associated with the following in humans/fish:

• gastroenteritis

• septicemia

• osteomyelitis

• pneumonia

• wound infections

aeromonas hydrophilia

for wound infections by _____, antimicrobial therapy such as necrotizing fascilitis may be necessary for wound infections.

aeromonas hydrophilia

which bacteria mimics yersinia enterocolitica on CIN media (pink center/bullseye)?

aeromonas hydrophilia

aeromonas hydrophilia may resemble enterobacteriaceae as many strains are lactose and sucrose ____.

positive

what is the only species of plesiomonas?

plesiomonas shigelloides

plesiomonas shigelloides may agglutinate ____ antisera.

shigella

plesiomonas shigelloides is not associated with diarrhea. true or false?

false

most isolates of plesiomonas shigelloides appear lactose ____.

negative

the selective media inositol-brilliant green-bile salts (IBB) agar is for _____.

plesiomonas shigelloides

plesiomonas shigelloides will appear white/pink on ____ agar.

IBB

enterics will appear _____ on IBB agar.

green or pink

what test helps differentiates between vibrios and aeromonas?

string test

vibrios are string test ____.

positive

aeromonas are string test ____.

negative

the string produced by ____ lasts longer than 60 seconds.

vibrio cholerae

the string from other vibrio species often fade after ____ seconds.

45-60

O/129 susceptibility test is also known as the _____.

vibriostatic test

what test helps ID various vibrios and distinguish them from other oxidase positive GNRs?

vibriostatic test

plesiomonas shigelloides is ____ to the vibriostatic test.

susceptible

aeromonas species are ____ to the vibriostatic test.

resistant

vibrio species are have ____ results to the vibriostatic test.

varied

which bacteria is associated with the following characteristics:

• found in water/soil

• can smell of ammonium cyanide

• motile

chromobacterium violaceum

which bacteria produces a purple or violet pigment (non-water soluble)?

chromobacterium violaceum

which bacteria is associated with the following characteristics:

• wound infections

  • acquired from exposure of disrupted skin to contaminated soil/water

  • can lead to fulminant, life-threatening, systemic infections

• not normal flora

chromobacterium violaceum

what bacteria is the major cause of food poisoning via ingestion of undercooked contaminated poultry, unpasteurized dairy products or other meat products, inadequately drinking water, contact with animals?

campylobacter

____ campylobacter includes

• campylobacter coli

• campylobacter jejuni

  • subspecies jejuni and lari

enteric

what bacteria is associated with the following gram stain characteristics:

• curved GNR

• S-shaped or “seagull wing” and may form spirals

• stain faintly on routine gram stain

campylobacter

campylobacter species are _____ so they love CO2 (“campy-pak” or candle jar).

capnophilic

which species of campylobacter grows at 42°C and 37°C?

campylobacter jejuni

campylobacter species do not oxidize or ferment carbohydrates. true or false?

true

what bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world (3rd leading cause)?

campylobacter jejuni

campylobacter species specimens include stool, rectal swabs, blood, and material from infected body sites. true or false?

true

the following enrichment broths are best for culturing ____:

• thioglycollate broth

• campy broth

• preston enrichment

campylobacter

_____ conditions refers to 5-10 O2.

microaerophilic

_____ conditions refers to 8-10 CO2.

capnophilic

thermophilic campylobacters prefer 42°C. list 2 species.

campylobacter jejuni; campylobacter coli

which bacteria best fits the following characteristics:

• typical colony morphology:

  • gray to pink or yellowish-grey

  • may exhibit tailing effect along streak line

  • some slightly mucoid-looking

campylobacter

which species of campylobacter can grow at 25°C?

campylobacter fetus

which species of campylobacter cannot grow at 42°C?

campylobacter fetus

which species of campylobacter is hippurate positive?

campylobacter jejuni

which species of campylobacter is susceptible to cephalothin?

campylobacter fetus

which species of campylobacter is resistant to nalidixic acid?

campylobacter fetus

which species of campylobacter is indoxyl acetate negative?

campylobacter fetus