BOT 14 - 1 - Algae: Photosynthetic Plant Allies

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66 Terms

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The term “algae”

It describes a loose collection of diverse organisms that are plant-like and are adapted to aquatic and some terrestrial environments.

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chlorophyll a

Algae utilize oxygenic photosynthesis using _________ as the main light absorbing pigment

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What are the main parts of seaweeds?

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In what formations can algae be found?

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What are the 4 Type of Life Cycles for algae?

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Common Algal Groups


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Forms: Single cells, aggregates and filaments

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

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Blue-green Algae

D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria

Common Algal Groups

Major Pigments: Chl a and phycocyanin

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Blue-green Algae

D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Cyanophycean starch

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Blue-green Algae

D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: Peptidoglycan

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Blue-green Algae

D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: all aquatic environments, soil, rocks, and lichens

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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These are formed by deposition of cyanobacteria and sediment (left), where fossilized examples (right) are found in Shark Bay, Australia (Government of Western Australia, n.d.)

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  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta and Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

Common Algal Groups

Phytoplanktons (microscopic, single-celled photosynthetic organisms that live suspended in water)

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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The cyanobacteria either produce toxins or deprive the ocean of oxygen.

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Why are algal blooms harmful?

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Common Algal Groups

Food

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Single cell protein and nutraceuticals

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Biofertilizer

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Forms: Single cells and filaments

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

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Brown-pigmented Algae - Diatoms

D. Dinophyta
D. Bacillariophyta
D. Ochrophyta

Common Algal Groups

Major Pigments: Chl a and carotenoids

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Starch

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: Cellulose

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae - Diatoms

D. Dinophyta

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: Marine and Freshwater

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Red tide-causing organisms and hpw?

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae - Diatoms

D. Bacillariophyta

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Chrysolaminarin

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae - Diatoms

D. Bacillariophyta

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: Silica

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae - Diatoms

D. Bacillariophyta

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: All aquatic environments

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Periphyton

It is the microfloral community attached to submerged surfaces in water, consisting of diatoms, cyanobacteria, and green algae

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Common Algal Groups

Aquaculture

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

High value products

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Diatomaceous earth

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Forms: Filaments and thalli

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

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Brown-pigmented Algae – Brown Seaweeds

D. Ochrophyta

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Laminarin starch

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae – Brown Seaweeds

D. Ochrophyta

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: Cellulose, alginic acid

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Brown-pigmented Algae – Brown Seaweeds

D. Ochrophyta

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: Marine

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Kelp Forest and Sargassum bed

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Alginic acid (food stabilizer and emulsifier)

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Agricultural fertilizers

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Possible medicinal use such aas anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and anticoagulant.

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Forms: Single cells

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

Common Algal Groups

Major Pigments: Chl a and chl b

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Green-pigmented Algae – Euglenoids

D. Euglenophyta

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Paramylum

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Green-pigmented Algae – Euglenoids

D. Euglenophyta

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: none

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Green-pigmented Algae – Euglenoids

D. Euglenophyta

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: Freshwater

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups



Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Forms: Single cells, filaments and thalli

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

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Red-pigmented Algae

(D. Rhodophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Major Pigments: Chl a, phycoerythrin

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Red-pigmented Algae

(D. Rhodophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Stored food: Floridean starch

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Red-pigmented Algae

(D. Rhodophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Cell wall composition: Cellulose, sulfated galactans (carrageenan) and agar

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: mostly marine, few freshwater

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Carrageenan (emulsifier and stabilizer)

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Common Algal Groups

Agar

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Viridiplantae is a clade that consists of chlorophytes, charophytes, and all land plants.

In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy).

Viridiplantae: Shared derived traits (apomorphies)

• ______________________

• ______________________

• ______________________

• ______________________

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Forms: Single cells, aggregates, filaments and thalli

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

Common Algal Groups

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Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

Common Algal Groups

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Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Forms: Single cells, aggregates, filaments and thalli

Common Algal Groups

Forms:________________________________

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

Habitat: Mainly freshwater

Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

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Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

Common Algal Groups

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Prokaryotic Algae (K. Eubacteria)

  • Blue-green Algae (D. Cyanophyta or P. Cyanobacteria)

Eukaryotic Algae (formerly under K. Protista)

  • Brown-pigmented Algae

    • Dinoflagellates (K. Chromista - D. Dinophyta)

    • Diatoms (K. Chromista - D. Bacillariophyta)

    • Brown Seaweeds (K. Chromista - D. Ochrophyta)

  • Red Algae (K. Plantae - D. Rhodophyta)

  • Green-pigmented Algae

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Chlorophyta)

    • Green Algae (K. Plantae - D. Charophyta)

    • Euglenoids (K. Protozoa - D. Euglenophyta or P. Euglenozoa)

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Phylum - Chlorophyta

Phylum - Charophyta

All land plants

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What is included in the clade Viridiplantae?

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Phylum - Charophyta

All land plants

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What is included in the clade Streptophytes?

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Describe the Chara Life Cycle.

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  1. sporopollenin

  2. phragmoplast

  3. cell plate forms centrally and progress centrifugally

  4. primary plasmodesmata

  5. asymmetrical flagellar system of microtubules

  6. Phytochrome (photoreceptor proteins)

  7. flavonoids

  8. chemical precursors of cuticle

  9. breakdown of the nuclear envelope at

    mitosis

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What are the similar morphological characteristics between D. Charophyta and plants