nervous tissue

coordination of voluntary and involuntary actions

what is the function of the nervous system?

neurons and glia

what are the two main types of cells that you would find in the nervous system?

all nervous functions

what is the function of neurons?

to provide for the neurons

what is the function of glia?

neurons

what is the functional unit of the nervous system?

excitability and conductivity

what are the two main characteristics of a neuron?

the neural body

what is the soma?

dendrites and axons

what are the extensions of the neuron called?

in the center of the soma, large, with nucleolus inside

where is the nucleus of a neuron? what is it like?

Nissl bodies
SER
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria

what are the four main organelles in the soma of a neuron?

basophilic
contains polyribosomes to synthesize proteins
only in the cytoplasm of neurons

describe a Nissl body

storage of Ca2+

what is the smooth ER for?

transmission of signals between neurons

what is Ca2+ used for in the nervous system?

very developed

what is the golgi apparatus like in a neuron?

a lot

describe the abundance of mitochondria within the neuron

golgi apparatus

what is this organelle?

soma (neural body)

what is this?

mitochondria

what is this organelle?

Nissl bodies

what is this organelle?

permits neuronal transport

what is the cytoskeleton of the soma for?

dendrites

what part of the neuron is 1?

2

where is the nucleus?

the neural body (soma)

what is 3?

6

where is the myelin sheath?

the axon

what does 5 point to?

neural bodies

what are these?

to detect a stimulus

what is the function of dendrites?

short, branched, many, thicker when closer to soma

what is the appearance of dendrites?

spine

what is the last point of the dendrite called?

dendrite spine

what is the specific point on the dendrite that is responsible for detecting the stimulus?

1

how many axons per neuron?

to transmit the signal

what is the function of the axon?

axon

what part of the neuron has the function of transmitting the signal?

dendrites

what part of the neuron has the function of detecting the stimulus?

the soma

what part of the neuron has the function of containing the organelles?

dendrites

what are all the branches called?

no

does the thickness of the axon vary?

unipolar
bipolar
pseudounipolar
multipolar

what are the four types of neurons?

unipolar

which type of neuron has no dendrites?

unipolar

which neuron is abundant during the embryonic stage?

olfactory epithelium, retina, vestibular and cochlear ganglion

where are bipolar neurons found?

2 branches, one for transmitting the signal and one for receiving the signal

describe a pseudounipolar neuron

multipolar

which type of neuron is the most abundant?

one axon and many dendrites

describe a multipolar neuron

unipolar

what type of neuron is this?

bipolar

what type of neuron is this?

pseudounipolar

what type of neuron is this?

multipolar

what type of neuron is this?

pseudounipolar

which type of neuron would be found in cranial nerve ganglia?

electrical signals

glia cannot generate _____

glia

90% of the cells in the nervous system are ___

glia

which are more abundant, neurons or glia?

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

which are the 4 types of glia that you would find in the central nervous system?

schwann cells
satellite cells

what are the 2 types of glia found in the peripheral nervous system?

PNS

is a schwann cell in the PNS or CNS?

PNS

is a satellite cell in the PNS or CNS?

CNS

is a ependymal cell in the PNS or CNS?

CNS

is a oligodendrocyte in the PNS or CNS?

CNS

is an astrocyte in the PNS or CNS?

CNS

are microglia in the PNS or CNS?

a protoplasmic astrocyte

when an astrocyte is located in the grey matter, is is called...

fibrotic

an astrocyte in the white matter is ...

pedicel

if you locate an astrocyte in the blood brain barrier, it is a ____

IHC staining for GFAPs (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

what staining is used to locate astrocytes?

glycogen

astrocytes store___

astrocytes

what types of cells close injuries in the CNS

transport of nutrients
ion uptake and metabolic waste
glycogen storage
injury closing
blood brain barrier

what are the roles of astrocytes in the CNS?

astrocyte

what is this cell in the CNS?

right

which is fibrotic and therefore located in the white matter? left or right?

left

which is protoplasmic and therefore located in the grey matter? left or right?

astrocytes

what are the star-like cells?

IHC staining for GFAPs (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

what staining was used in order to see the astrocytes?

oligodendrocytes

which is the most numerous glial cell in the CNS?

compact

how is the nucleus of an oligodendrocyte?

basophilic

are oligodendrocytes basophilic or eosinophilic?

infrafascicular
satellites

what are the two types of oligodendrocytes?

oligodendrocytes

what are all the purple dots?

70

____% of glial cells are oligodendrocytes?

mesoderm

microglia originate from which embryonic structure?

fixed

microglia are _____ macrophages

both grey and white

which matter can you find microglia in?

to clean by engulfing waste

what is the function of microglia?

IHC stain

what is the only way to distinguish between microglia and oligodendrocytes?

in the center of the spinal cord

where are ependymal cells located within the CNS?

cuboidal/columnar

what is the shape of ependymal cells

ependymal cells

what glial cells have the function of controlling the passage of substances from the CNS?

since you cannot observe much cytoplasm in the cell, they are microglia

how can you tell if these are oligodendrocytes or microglia?

ependymal cells

what are these cells surrounding the central spinal cord?

ependymal cells, neurons, olygodendrocytes

what cells can you see in the CNS with an HE stain?

oligodendrocyte

what is this cell?

neuron

what is this cell?

flat

describe the shape of schwann cells

no, very few

do schwann cells have a lot of organelles?

wrap the axon

what is the purpose of schwann cells in the PNS?

surrounding neuronal bodies in the PNS

where can you find a satellite cell in the PNS?

schwann cell

if this is a peripheral nerve, what is this flat cell?

myelinated or unmylenated

what are the two types of schwann cells?

myelinated

which, myelinated or unmyelinated, produces a faster conduction?

brain (including the cerebellum) and spinal chord

what two structures are part of the CNS?

external

where is grey matter located in the brain?