Physics Y4T1CT Formulae Sheet.docx

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19 Terms

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Speed
Distance traveled per unit time.
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Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity per unit time.
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Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
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Hooke’s Law
The force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.
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Moment of a Force
The turning effect of a force about a pivot, calculated as force times distance from the pivot.
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Principle of Moments
For an object in equilibrium, the sum of anticlockwise moments about a pivot equals the sum of clockwise moments.
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Momentum
The product of the mass and velocity of an object.
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Impulse
Change in momentum, calculated as the force applied times the time duration of the application.
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Work Done
Work is defined as force times distance in the direction of the force.
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Power
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
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Efficiency
The ratio of useful work output to total energy input, expressed as a percentage.
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Pressure
Force applied per unit area.
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Boyle’s Law
The pressure of a gas decreases as its volume increases, provided the temperature remains constant.
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Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
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Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat required to change a unit mass of a solid into a liquid without a change in temperature.
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Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The amount of heat required to change a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without a change in temperature.
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Wave Speed
The speed at which a wave travels through a medium, calculated as frequency times wavelength.
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Refractive Index
The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.
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Total Internal Reflection
The complete reflection of light back into a medium when it hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.