unit 5: mental and physical health

tend and befriend theory

nurturing and protecting offspring (tending) and seeking social support through relationships (befriending)

problem-focused coping

individual addresses a problem or stressor directly

emotion-focused coping

individual addresses the negative emotional reactions that are associated with a particular problem

positive psychology

Seeks to identify factors that lead to well-being, resilience, positive emotions, and psychological health

signature strengths (CHJTTW)

courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence, wisdom

behavioral perspective

environmental influence

sociocultural perspective

societal impacts

humanistic perspective

self-actualization

cognitive perspective

thoughts

evolutionary perspective

survival

biopsychosocial model

psychological disorders arise from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors

diathesis-stress model

psychological disorders develop due to a combination of a predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors

free association

method in which a person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

fear hierarchies

a list of feared situations, objects, or stimuli, ranked from least to most anxiety-provoking

applied behavior analysis

a scientific approach that uses principles of behaviorism to understand and modify behavior

token economies

a behavioral management system where individuals earn tokens for demonstrating specific desired behaviors, which can then be exchanged for rewards or privileges

biofeedback

individuals learn to control physiological responses by using feedback from sensors

lithium

affects serotonin and norepinephrine systems. Helps stabilize mood swings in bipolar disorder

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

application of electrical currents to the brain to induce controlled seizures

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

use of magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in specific brain regions to control neuronal activity