Lecture Notes Review (Part 6) - APUSH

Flashcards from Lecture Notes

Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty

An agreement signed in October 1867 between the U.S. government and several Native American tribes to establish peace and give reservations in western portions of Indian Territory.

Comanche Tribe

The most fearsome of the tribes involved in the Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty, they thrived in the farming lifestyle and became successful as farmers.

The Massacre at Wounded Knee

An event in December 1890 where U.S. soldiers attacked a group of Lakota Indians, resulting in numerous deaths and marking a tragic event in Native American history because the U.S. government feared that the Ghost Dance was a war dance.

Ghost Dance

A spiritual movement among Native Americans, particularly the Lakota Sioux, which was misinterpreted by the U.S. government as a preparation for war.

Sitting Bull

A Sioux Chief who returned from Canada with a promise of pardon and was an advocate for the Ghost Dance. His influence heightened fears among reservation agents.

Big Foot

A chief whose arrest was ordered following the death of Sitting Bull. He led a band of Miniconjou Sioux toward the Pine Ridge Agency seeking food and shelter.

John D. Rockefeller

An American business magnate and philanthropist who built Standard Oil and controlled a large portion of the oil industry, known for horizontal integration.

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-American industrialist who dominated the steel industry through his company, Carnegie Steel, and later U.S. Steel using vertical integration.

J.P. Morgan

A powerful banker and financier who played a significant role in major industries, including steel, railroads, and utilities and known for setting up trusts.

Thomas Edison

An American inventor and businessman known for companies such as G.E. (General Electric) during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Trusts

Legal arrangements where competing companies pool their stock and give control to a small group of trustees, this allowed a single entity to manage multiples companies as one eliminating competition and allowed for price manipulation.

Holding Companies

A company created to buy and possess the shares of other companies, which it then controls to create effectively monopolies by purchasing and controlling interest in competitive companies.

Consolidation (Integration)

A strategy where a company acquires or merges with other businesses that operate at the same level of the supply chain and offer similar products or services.

Angel Island

An immigration station located in San Francisco Harbor, CA, where many Chinese immigrants were processed under harsh conditions including being held for days, weeks, or even years.

Ellis Island

An immigration station located in New York City, NY, where many European immigrants were processed more quickly than at Angel Island.

Push Factor

Conditions that motivate individuals to leave their current residence and migrate to another place.

Pull Factor

Positive conditions that attract individuals or groups to migrate to a new area, region, or country.

Nativism

Many people were skeptical or did not want the immigrants to come to America due to their ideals.

The Populist Party

Emerged when disgruntled western and southern farmers realized that neither the Republicans or the Democrats were going to adopt their proposals.

William Jennings Bryan

Wrote “Cross of Gold” speech and formed with the populist party --> Advocated for the bimetallism.

Bimetallism

The use of both gold and silver as currency, aimed at decreasing the value of the dollar and increasing inflation.

The Omaha Platform

Free and unlimited coinage of silver at 16:1, Graduated Income Tax, Secret Ballot, Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment), Initiative, Referendum, Recall, Restrictions on immigration, Subtreasury, Government ownership of Railroads and Telecommunications, Tariff Reduction, 8 hour work day, Postal Savings Bank, Single Term Presidency.

Pullman Strike

A widespread railroad strike and boycott that began in Chicago and eventually paralyzed rail traffic and led to significant violence and government intervention (the government sided with Pullman instead of the people).

Eugene v. Debs

Leader of the American railway union (arrested and went to jail for encouraging the workers to continue during the Pullman strike).

Muckrakers

Progressive era writers who exposed problems with society (writers = Ray Stannard Baker, David Phillips, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell).

Upton Sinclair

Wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Lincoln Steffens

Wrote “The Shame of the City” which he claimed was the result of “big business men” who corrupted the city government for their own ends.

Ida Tarbell

Wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” which exposed the illegal and unfair practices used by Standard Oil to build its monopoly.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911

Factory building where a fire began on the eighth floor and spread rapidly due to the fabrics and bolts of silk (the women were trying to take smoking breaks on the fire escapes --> as a result, the doors were locked).