Ap Pysch Unit 1 Test vocab

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Psychology

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53 Terms

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central nervous system (CNS)

consists of brain and spinal chord. Main processing center of the nervous system

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The nervous system outside the brain and spinal chord

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Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

a part of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions. Ex: breathing, heartbeat, etc.

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Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

a part of the nervous system that controls voluntary bodily functions. Ex: moving arms

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Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

A network of nerves that prepare the body for physical activity, stress and danger. Often referred to as the “fight of flight” response.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

a network of nerves that help the body relax and restore homeostasis after periods of stress or danger

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Neurons

A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body

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Soma

The cell body

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Axon

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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Dendrites

Receive messages from other cells

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Terminal Buttons

The small knobs at the end of an axon that releases chemicals called neurotransmitters

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Low Serotonin

Depression

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Myasthenia Gravis

A condition where certain muscles have difficulty contracting

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Low levels of dopamine

Linked to parkinsons

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High levels of dopamine

Linked to schizophrenia

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Ach

Responsible for learning and memory

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Norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter that controls alertness, mode, and attention

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Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that regulates sleep, mood, and body temperature

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Dopmaine

A neurotransmitter involved in mood, movement, and attention

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Glutamate

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; important for learning and memory

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Glial cells

Cells that support and protect nerve cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems

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Inter motor neurons

Carry information between sensory and motor neurons

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Agonists

Drugs that mimic a particular neurotransmitter

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Antagonists

Drugs that block a particular neurotransmitter from activating its recepters

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Action potential

The electrical impulse sent along an axon when the dendrites of a neuron fire

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Synapse

The small gap between the axon and the dendrite

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Inhibitory

Describes a neurotransmitters causes postsynaptic neuron to propagate fewer action potentials

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Substance P

Regulates bone metabolism, cartilage metabolism, and fracture healing

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Gamma - aminobutyric acid (GABA)

neurotransmitters that slows down the brain by blocking signals in the central nervous system

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Neurotransmitter

A chemical substance that is released by the end of a nerve by the arrival of a nerve impulse and diffuses across the synapse

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Right Hemisphere

Controls left side of the body, creativity, emotions, spatial reasoning

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Left Hemisphere

controls right side of the body, logical, language

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Corpus Callosum

allows 2 hemi-sphere to communicate

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Frontal lobes

personality, working memory, critical thinking, emotions, speech

<p>personality, working memory, critical thinking, emotions, speech</p>
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Parietal lobes

process sense of touch, stimulates movement, and body control

<p>process sense of touch, stimulates movement, and body control</p>
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Occipital lobes

process visual info, visual cortex, does NOT identify people or objects

<p>process visual info, visual cortex, does NOT identify people or objects</p>
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Temporal lobes

processes hearing and language

<p>processes hearing and language</p>
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Cerebellum

balance, coordination, memory, motor movement, processes sensory input, balance, non-verbal learning,

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Medulla

controls heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and blood pressure

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reticular activating system (RAS)

relays information to the brain through routes, stimulates arousal and alertness

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Thalamus

brain sensory control center, receives information from all senses except smell

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Hypothalamus

notifies body of hunger, thirst, body temperature (shivering and sweating), sexual behavior, controls all glands

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Amygdala

enables aggression and fear

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Hippocampus

converts short-term memories into long term ones, involved with spatial awareness, memory, and learning

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pre-fontal cortex

processes tasks, memory, critical thinking, and emotions

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Broca’s Area

left hemisphere in the frontal lobe
produces speech

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motor cortex

back of the frontal lobe
sense of movement

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somatic sensory cortex

processes which area is most sensitive to detecting pain

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auditory cortex

helps you understand spoken language

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insomnia

linked to low GABA and pineal gland

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limbic system

HAH! hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

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ach

linked with alzeimers

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basal ganglia

voluntary movements, routine behaviors, linked with parkinson’s and dopamine levels