Studied by 17 people
years the ottoman empire lasted:
1400's-1918
who were the ottomans?
turks
who did the ottomans replace?
the byzantine empire (romans)
why did constantinople collapse?
ottoman turks conquered constantinople, as it was weakened by black plague and the crusades
where in europe did ottoman expansion stop?
vienna
suleiman the manificent
reigned over the empire from 1520-1566 (when he died); under his rule, the empire reached its highest point of military and political power.
significance of istanbul
where silk roads began; means "full of islam"
ottoman empires effects on european exploration
led to the European age of Exploration → Europeans did not want to pay the Ottoman taxes to use the Silk Roads and looked for new ways to get to India and China
decline of the ottoman empire
Began to decline after failing to expand further than Vienna
The Balkan Wars in 1878, when many European parts of the empire gained independence, made the empire very weak.
The Ottomans joined the Central Powers in WW1. When they lost the war, what was left of the empire by this point became the Republic of Turkey.
safavid empire
shia muslim turks; life dedicated to allah
years the safavid empire lasted
1501-1736
ismail
(safavid) leader of nomadic, shia muslim turks
sufi mystics
(safavid) rejected worldly pleasures and possessions favoring a life dedicated to Allah
battle of chaldiran
battle between safavids and ottomans; demonstrated importance of gunpowder technology in land-based empires and limited Shia expansion
shah abbas I
under his rule, safavid empire reached its peak; he reorganized armies and drove Ottomans out of Safavid territories
effects on boundaries today (safavid)
defined some of the boundaries and Islamic divisions in the Middle East today
how did safavids control turkish leaders
by granting them fiefdoms with peasants to work land and pay tribute
isfahan
capital of the safavid empire; located far inland, famous for beautiful architecture
collapse of safavid empire
collapsed as severity of Shah Hussein's rule led to revolt among Sunni Afghans
years the mughal empire lasted
1526 - 1761
babur
Mughal leader than conquered Afghanistan and Delhi Sultanate creating a gunpowder empire in India
shah akbar the great
(mughal empire) conquered most of northern India; believed any empire not expanding was in decline, ended tax against non-muslims; created “divine faith”
zamindari system
local government officials who collected taxes and upheld laws (mughal)
shah jahan
conquered the Deccan Plateau in central India and turned back Portuguese invasion of Bengal (mughal)
taj mahal
built by Jahan to commemorate the memory of his wife and display the wealth and power of the empire (mughal)
fragmentation of mughal empire
high taxes and rollback of Akbar's religious reforms
Note 
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