Biology-B9: Respiration

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂+ 6H₂O

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Glucose+ Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + (energy)

What are the energy transfers involved during respiration

Chemical energy → kinetic energy + heat

Where in the cell does respiration occur?

Mitochondria

How does the number of mitochondria per cell link to the cells level of activity?

The more mitochondria, the higher level of energy the cell has

Why do animals/plants need energy from respiration?

-Muscle contraction

-Maintaining body temperature

-Active transport

-Synthesis of molecules

What is the importance of the glycogen store held in the muscles?

-Chemical Reactions

-Movement

-Keeping warm

Why do muscles need an increased blood supply during aerobic exercise?

-Muscles require more energy during exercise

-Additional oxygen and glucose are needed to release the energy

-Blood flow increases to supply oxygen and glucose to muscles faster

How does the action of the heart and lungs change during exercise?

-Heart pumps faster

-Lungs are filled with oxygen

-More diffusion from lungs to blood supply

How does the changed activity of the heart and lungs mean that the muscles get more oxygen?

-More diffusion

-Heart pumps blood faster

-Meaning theres more oxygen in the muscles

How does the action of the heart and lungs remove extra carbon dioxide during aerobic exercise

Bring it more oxygen so there is more respiration which removes extra carbon dioxide as it is a waste product

How does the cardiac output and ventilation rate change after exercise?

High → low

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Glucose → Lactic Acid + (energy)

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Why does exercising hard result in a build up of an oxygen debt?

-During exercise lactic acid is produced (poisonous)

-After exercise you need lots of oxygen to break down lactic acid which creates an oxygen debt

What happens in muscles when we build up an oxygen debt?

They become fatigued and stop effective contraction

Why do our breathing/heart rate stay high after exercise?

-After exercise you need lots of oxygen to break down the lactic acid

-Respiration produces oxygen so an increased rate will mean the oxygen debt is paid of quicker

Why can fit people exercise harder and longer?

-Heart rate takes longer to go up

-People who exercise for longer have an increased aerobic capacity which can take in more oxygen and distribute to tissues

How do bacteria and yeast differ in the way they respire anaerobically?

-Bacteria is an animal so produces lactic acid

-Yeast is a plant so produces ethanol

What foods are made by anaerobic respiration of yeasts and bacteria?

-Bread

-Alcohol

What is metabolism?

The sum of all reactions in a cell or the body

How does metabolism link to resperation?

The energy transferred in the cells by respiration is used in the process of metabolism to make new molecules

What are examples of metabolic reactions in animals/plants?

-Glucose molecules converted to starch, glycogen and cellulose by being joined together

-Glycerol molecule and three molecules of fatty acid forming a lipid molecule

-Glucose and nitrate ions forming animo acids, which are used to form proteins

-Respiration

-Urea forming from the breakdown of proteins

What is the importance of the liver in paying off oxygen debt?

Lactic acid is converted into glucose in the liver