APUSH 3.8-3.12 AMSCO vocab flashcards

3.8: James Madison

Persuaded delegates that the Articles of Confederation should be revised, known as the Father of the Constitution

3.8: Alexander Hamilton

Helped Madison persuade delegates that the Articles of Confederation should be revised

3.8: Federalists

Supporters of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution who advocated for a strong central government to ensure order and economic prosperity

3.8: Anti-Federalists

People who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in the late 18th century, fearing that it would establish a powerful, centralized government that threatened individual liberties and states' rights

3.8: The Federalist Papers

A series of 85 essays written by Hamilton and Madison, which presented reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution.

3.8: Constitutional Convention

A 1787 meeting in Philadelphia where delegates from the states drafted the new US Constitution, replacing the Articles of Confederation to create a stronger federal government

3.8: Federalism

A system with a strong but limited central government, Madison and Hamilton believed in this

3.8: Seperation of Powers

Dividing power among different branches of government, Madison and other delegates believed in this

3.8: Checks and Balances

The power of each branch would be limited by the powers, delegates wanted the new constitution to be based on.

3.8: Virginia Plan

Proposed by James Madison, which called for a strong national government with three branches and a two-house legislature where representation was based on population (Favored the Larger States)

3.8: New Jersey Plan

Countered the Virginia Plan, which called for a unicameral legislature where each state had one equal vote, regardless of population

3.8: Great Compromise

Provided a two-house congress.

3.8: Senate

states would have equal representation

3.8: House of Representatives

each state would be represented according to the size of its population

3.8: Three-Fifths Compromise

Counted each enslaved person as three-fifths of a person for determining a state's level of taxation.

3.8: Commerce Compromise

Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs on foreign imports

3.9: Bill of Rights

Drafted by James Madison, consists of ten amendments that were ratified by the states. Protected against abuses by the central government

Seperations of Powers

Split into 3 branches

Legislative- Congress makes Laws

Executive- Led by the president

Judicial- Consists of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts

3.10: National Bank

Designed to stabilize the nation's economy, manage federal funds, issue a uniform currency, and provide a common source of credit for merchants and the government

3.10: Federalist Party

The first political party in the United States, Led primarily by Alexander Hamilton, advocated for a strong, centralized federal government and a pro-business national economy.

3.10: Democratic Republic Party

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party

3.10: John Adams

A leading Federalist, the first Vice President under George Washington, and the second President of the United States, with Thomas Jefferson as vice president

3.10: Washington's Farewell Address

A letter published in which George Washington announced his retirement from the presidency and offered several key warnings for the young nation's future

3.10: Alien and Sedition Acts

4 laws passed by the Federalists, which gave the president power to deport "dangerous" foreigners, and made it a crime to publish false, malicious, or scandalous writings against the government

3.10: Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

A series of political statements drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, which argued that the federal government was overstepping its constitutional bounds with the Alien and Sedition Acts.

3.10: Battle of Fallen Timbers

The final military engagement of the Northwest Indian War, where U.S. forces led by General Anthony Wayne decisively defeated the Northwest Confederacy of Native American tribes.

3.10: Treaty of Greenville

A peace treaty between the United States and Native American tribes of the Old Northwest, ending the Northwest Indian War and allowing for American expansion into Ohio and parts of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan

3.10: Whiskey Rebellion

An uprising by western Pennsylvania farmers against an excise tax on whiskey, a key commodity for their economy.

3.10: French Revolution

A period of intense social and political upheaval in France that overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and was inspired by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution.

3.10: Proclamation of Neutrality

an April 1793 declaration by U.S. President George Washington that the United States would remain neutral in the European conflict between Great Britain and revolutionary France

3.10: Citizen Genet

broke all rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the american people to support french clause

3.10: Jay Treaty

An agreement with Great Britain that averted war by resolving outstanding issues after the American Revolution, including the British evacuation of forts in the Northwest Territory.

3.10: Pinckney Treaty

Allowed the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to deposit goods in New Orleans, and it set the southern U.S. border at the 31st parallel with Spanish Florida

3.10: Right of Deposit

The right granted by Spain to the U.S. that allowed Americans to store their goods in the port of New Orleans for transshipment without paying duties to the Spanish government

3.10: XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident where French agents demanded bribes and loans from American negotiators during a time of heightened tensions over France's seizure of U.S. ships

3.12: Northwest Ordinance

established a process for governing the Northwest Territory and admitting new states into the Union

3.12: Indian Intercourse Act

a series of federal laws that established federal control over trade and interactions between Native Americans and non-Natives, requiring licenses for traders, prohibiting liquor sales to indigenous people, and attempting to manage land transactions.