Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

I have some diagrams, if they come up as a question, just match it to its picture

fermentation

a process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and produces an end product (lactic acid or ethyl alcohol)

• catabolic

• no oxygen use

aerobic respiration

oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the fuel (glucose)

• most efficient catabolic pathway

anaerobic respiration

respiration without oxygen

cellular respiration

catabolic pathways that break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for ATP production

C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂

6CO₂+6H₂O+energy

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

What gets oxidized in cellular respiration?

Oxygen (O₂)

What gets reduced in cellular respiration?

C:H

• supports life (ATP)

• shares electrons equally

• high energy

• comes from photosynthesis

oxidation

the loss of electrons from one substance

reduction

the gain of electrons to another substance

share covalent bonds

Not all redox reactions involve the complete transfer of electrons, so what do they do instead?

energy

What must be added to pull an electron away from an atom?

more energy

What is required to pull an electron from a more electronegative atom?

a shift from a lower electronegative atom to a higher electronegative atom

When does an electron lose potential energy?

NAD+

an electron carrier (acceptor) that keeps electrons high energy

NADH

What is the reduced form of NAD+?

electron transport chain

a sequence of membrane proteins that transport electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy to make ATP

in the cytosol

Where does glycolysis happen?

2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 G3P (glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate)

What is the product of the Energy Investment Stage (Stage 1) in glycolysis?

all of them

What cells can do glycolysis?

OAA (oxaloacetrate)

What is attached to Acetyl CoA in the Kreb’s Cycle?

2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO₂

What are the products of the oxidation of pyruvate?

entrance to mitochondria

When/Where does the oxidation of pyruvate happen?

mitochondrial matrix

Where does the Kreb’s Cycle happen?

2, 4, 0, 6, 2

How many of each of the following products are produced by ONE GLUCOSE in the Kreb’s Cycle? (list in order)

• ATP, CO₂, O₂, NADH, FADH₂

An electron carrier (acceptor) that works similarly to NADH

What is FADH₂?

ATP synthase

the enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

substrate-level phosphorylation

formation of ATP by the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate (such as a carbon skeleton)

oxidative phosphorylation

the production of ATP from the energy from the ETC

substrate-level

Is glycolysis substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation?

substrate-level

Is the Kreb’s cycle substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation?

oxidative phosphorylation

Is the ETC substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation?

proton pump

What do protein complexes in the ETC act as?

electron energy

What powers the proton pumps in the ETC?

breathing

Where does the molecular O₂ come from in chemiosmosis?

32-38 ATP

What is the final yield of ATP from cellular respiration?

there is a limited amount of NAD+

Why can’t glycolysis exist on its own?

2 NAD+, 2 lactate

What are the products of Lactic Acid Fermentation?

2 NAD+, 2 CO₂, 2 ethanol

What are the products of Alcohol Fermentation?

2

How many ATPs are produced in fermentation?

obligate anaerobes

organisms that only carry out fermentation and anaerobic respiration

• oxygen can kill them

• some bacterias