Periodic families

Periodic families study terms

alkali metals

any metal in Group 1A of the periodic table

alkaline earth metals

the elements in Group 2A of the periodic table

transition metals

elements that form a bridge between elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table; usually form +2 ions

Halogens

Most reactive non mentals, group 7

Noble gasses

Group 8 non metals; non reactive

Density

calculated by mass/volume

Proton

Defines the identity of an element, has mass and + charge

Neutron

Determines the stability of an atom; has mass but no charge

Electron

Determines the chemical properties of an element

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

5 Signs of a chemical change

1. Change in color, 2. Change in odor 3. Release of energy as light/heat/sound 4. Formation of a gas (bubbling/fizzing) 5. formation of a precipitate

Atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

Bohr model

model of an atom that shows electrons in circular orbits around the nucleus

Physical properties

Color, malleability, melting point, boiling point, density, hardness, and odor.

Solid

Definite shape and volume

Liquid

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume

Plasma

Highly energized gas that has ionized atoms

Mass

the amount of matter in an object; grams

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up; ml or cc