Animal Reproduction Exam 1 Review

Serosa

Layer that consists of squamous cells that coat the outside of organs

Submucosa

Layer that houses blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Vestibule

Portion of the female repro tract that is “urogenital”

Suburethral Diverticulum

Cows and sows have this blind pocket

Vagina

Copulatory organ in the female tract

Relaxed pelvic muscles and premature uterine contractions

Increases the likelihood of a vaginal prolapse

cervical ridges, interdigitating mucosal folds (tuberosities), endometrial folds

Types of obstacles in the cervix of a cow, sow, and a mare

Major functions of the cervix

Passageway for sperm, seal after breeding, open for parturition

Species that has the most identifiable and distinguished uterine horns

Pigs

Term for the split in the uterine body that leads to uterine horns

bifurcation

Uterine layer consists of serosal cells

Perimetrium

Uterine layer consists of muscle mass

Myometrium

Uterine layer consists of about 2/3 entire thickness and houses nerves, blood flow and glands

Endometrium

Function of broad ligament

Dorsolateral attachment in pelvic cavity

Site of fertilization in female reproductive tract

oviduct

Function of infundibulum

Thin membrane nearest the ovary​; Engulfs ovulated oocyte/ovum/egg

Female gamete

egg

Site of female gamete production

ovaries

Middle/connective tissue of the ovary

medulla

Tissue that houses follicles and corpora in the ovary

cortex

Structure that shows up immediately following ovulation

corpus luteum

What is ovulation

the process where a follicle ruptures to release the egg, which then travels to the oviduct for fertilization

Structure on the ovary that produces progesterone and makes the female think she is pregnant

corpus luteum

Ovarian structure that produces estrogen

follicle

Housed within the follicle

egg

Connective tissue that surrounds the ovary

Tunica albuginea

Thin layer of serosal cells that surrounds the ovary

Superficial epithelium

Cow ovary shape

oval and slightly flattened

Sheep/goat ovary shape

similar to cow, just smaller

Sow ovary shape

cluster of grapes

Mare ovary shape

bean or kidney shaped

Point of ovulation for mare

ovulation fosa

Which specie has cortex tissue on the inside of the ovary?

mare

Follicles have theca cells, what is the hormone produced

estrogen

True or false: the potential oocytes are present at birth and require puberty to “activate” them.

true

Granulosa cells have receptors for which hormone

Follicle stimulating hormone

Thin smooth muscle lies within the scrotum

Tunica dartos

Male species that is most sensitive to heat and is quickest to respirate in response to extreme heat

Rams

Two layers that make up the testicular capsule

Visceral vaginal tunic​, Tunica albuginea

Main production in testes

spermatozoa

Connective tissue within the teste

Mediastinum

Cellular mass within the teste

Parenchyma

where are sperm cells produced (the tubules)

Seminiferous tubules

Which testicular cells produce testosterone?

Interstitial cells (Leydig)​

Major functions of epididymis

• Passageway to efferent ducts​

• Concentrates sperm by absorbing rete fluids​

  • Storage

How long does sperm spend in the epididymis

9-14 days

function of vas deferens

Transports cells from epididymis to ejaculatoryducts

What  is the name of the tube that transports concentrated cells from the epididymis to the pelvic urethra?

spermatic cord

three components of spermatic cord

• Ductus deferens​

• Cremaster muscle​

  • Pampiniform plexus

Which species have a highly developed spermatic cord

bulls and rams

True or false: sperm cells pass through accessory glands.

false

This is a paired gland that lies dorsocranially to the pelvic urethra and contributes a large volume of total seminal plasma in the boar ejaculate.

vesicular glands

This gland lies cranially to the Urethralis muscle. It has an internal and external component.

prostate gland

Which gland is most common to have an infection in yearling bulls?

vesicular glands

This paired gland lies most caudally of the accessory glands and contributes a coagulative property in bulls and stallions.

vesicular glands

What is the hairlike projection called on the glans penis of the ram and billy?

urethral process

Which male specie has a corkscrew like penis?

pigs

What is the S shaped portion of the penis in bulls, boars and rams?

Sigmoid flexure

What muscle is responsible for keeping the shape of the sigmoid flexure?

Retractor Penis muscles

This striated muscle lies between the prostate and bulbourethral glands. It is critical for flushing the urethra and moving seminal fluid to the penis.

Urethralis

This muscle is located at the base of the penis and pelvic urethra.

Ischiocavernous muscles

This abnormality in male livestock is where a small collagenous band attaches the glans penis to the shaft of the penis. Often this corrects itself.

Frenulum

What ring must testes descend through to enter the scrotum?

inguinal ring