DRQ Review Section 3

APES Definitions Review Quiz Material Section 3

Largest Rsservoirs of Carbon

Carbonate rocks such as sediment, oceans, and atmosphere

Biotic

Living components of an ecosystem

ex. plants, animals, fungus, algae

Abiotic

Nonliving components of an ecosystem

ex. water, soil, minerals, air, light

Producer

Organisms that make their own food

ex. fungus, algae

Autotroph

Photosynthetic life

ex. plants

Trophic levels

Producers→ primary consumers (first order consumer)→ secondary consumer (second order consumer) → tertiary consumer (third order consumer)

Energy flow through food webs

10% of the usable energy is transferred to the next trophic level. Reason: Usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested & absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey (heat and waste)

Primary Succession

Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life and no soil present (ex. receding glaciers, oceanic lava)

Secondary Succession

Life progresses where soil remains

(ex. forest fire, old farmland)

Mutualism

Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

Commensalism

Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Parasitism

Relationship in which one organism (the parasite) obtains nutrients to the expense of the host.

Carrying capacity

the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area

R- Strategist

Reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring

(ex. insects, frogs, crocodiles)

K- Strategist

Reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce late, bear few, cared for offspring

(ex. humans, elephants, lions)

Natural selection

Organisms that possess favorable adaptions pass the onto the next generation

Thomas Malthus

“Human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine, and pestilence (disease)” An economist who hypothesized the potential limiting factors of the human species