Animal + Plant Cell Vocab

cell membrane

(both) outer layer of an animal cell, Controls what enters and leaves the cell(semipermeable) maintains homeostasis, and holds the cytoplasm,

cell wall

outer layer of a plant cell, protects and supports the plant cell

nucleus

(both) the command center of the cell, contains DNA, makes ribosomes with the help of the nucleolus, found in cytoplasm

nucleolus

(both) found inside nucleus, makes ribosomes

vacuole

(both) fluid filled sacs that is storage for food, and watse material that is on its way out of the cell. found in cytoplasm

Ribosome

(both) makes proteins by protein synthesis, and is found on rough ER

Golgi body/apparatus

(both) packages, modifies, and ships proteins and other minerals

Rough (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

(both) ribosomes are on it. found near nucleus. “highway” of cell. modifys, helps makes proteins (ribosomes) and moves minerals throughout cell. found in cytoplasm

lysosome

(animal) contains digestive enzymes which allows nutrients, old cell organells, food particles and harmful bacteria to be digested. located in cytoplasm

chloroplasts

(plant) contains pigment (chlorophyll) that takes energy from the sun and makes food from it (photosynthesis). produces oxygen as a byproduct

Mitochondria

(both) “powerhouse” of the cell, produces energy aka food for the cell. it produces ATP using energy stores in food molecules

cytoskeleton

(both) framework of cell and gives the cell and nucleus its shape. it's very flexible and aids movement and transportation within cell

cytoplasm

(both) jellylike substance outside cell nucleus in which the organelles are located and are held in place. it helps movers materials around

nuclear membrane

(both) surrounds and protects DNA in the nucleus. it separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell's cytoplasm

centrioles

(animal) this is where microtubules are made. during cell division this divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell

smooth ER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

(both) no ribosomes. it makes lipids that will become membranes. it controls the calcium level in muscles. it breaks down toxins and harmful things like poisons, alcohol and drugs

central vacuole

(plant) takes up most of the space in the cell, it stores water, nutrients, and waste, maintains cells shape

nuclear pores

(both) tiny openings on the nuclear membrane that allow certain materials like proteins and nutrients, to pass through between the nucleus and cytoplasm