Bio lab exam 2: Animal Tissue

What are groups of cells with similar structure and function that work together?

Levels of Organization

What must cells be able to do to function together?

Cellular Recognition

What helps cells recognize each other (secreted by fibroblasts and membrane markers)?

Extracellular matrix and carbohydrate markers

What structures connect cells to each other?

Cell junctions

What junctions are button-like welds that rivet cells together?

Desmosomes

What junctions block transport through intercellular space?

Tight junctions

What junctions allow electrical communication between cells?

Gap junctions

What are the four main tissue groups?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Which tissue type lines and covers surfaces?

Epithelial Tissue

Which tissue binds other tissues together?

Connective Tissue

Which tissue allows movement?

Muscular Tissue

Which tissue transmits impulses and responds to stimuli?

Nervous Tissue

What always lines an opening (lumen)?

Epithelium

What are the three epithelial arrangement terms?

Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified

What are the three epithelial shape terms?

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

Which epithelium is a single layer of flattened cells and is good for diffusion?

Simple squamous epithelium

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Linings of blood vessels and alveoli of lungs

Which epithelium has several layers and protects against abrasion?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Outer layer of skin, linings of vagina and anus

Which epithelium contains keratin for waterproofing?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which epithelium is moist and found in mouth and esophagus?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which epithelium is mainly for secretion?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Endocrine glands

Which glands secrete directly into bloodstream?

Endocrine glands

Which epithelium is found in sweat glands?

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Which glands secrete into ducts?

Exocrine glands

Which epithelium lines the intestinal mucosa?

Simple columnar epithelium

What are finger-like projections for absorption in intestines?

Villi

Which cells secrete mucus to lubricate food?

Goblet cells

Which epithelium lines the respiratory tract and moves mucus?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which connective tissue is thin, delicate, and binds tissues?

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Which cells secrete extracellular matrix?

Fibroblasts

Which cells are phagocytic and part of immune system?

Macrophages

Which tissue stores lipids and provides insulation?

Adipose tissue

What is the fluid connective tissue with plasma and cells?

Blood

Which blood cells perform gas exchange?

Erythrocytes

Which blood cells are for immune response?

Leukocytes

Which blood components are for clotting?

Platelets

Which connective tissue has parallel collagen fibers and high strength?

Dense regular connective tissue

What connects muscle to bone?

Tendons

What connects bone to bone?

Ligaments

Which connective tissue has irregular fiber arrangement?

Dense irregular connective tissue

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Dermis and submucosa

Which tissue is strong but flexible with collagen in rubbery matrix?

Cartilage

Which cells produce cartilage matrix?

Chondrocytes

Where are chondrocytes located?

Lacunae

Which cartilage is found in intervertebral discs?

Fibrocartilage

Which cartilage has elastic fibers and can bounce back?

Elastic cartilage

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Ear and esophagus

Which cartilage is rigid and lacks elastin?

Hyaline cartilage

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Ends of long bones and trachea rings

Which tissue is mineralized and hard?

Bone

Which cells build bone?

Osteoblasts

Which cells break down bone?

Osteoclasts

Which cells maintain bone?

Osteocytes

What mineral compound gives bone hardness?

Hydroxyapatite

What is the basic unit of compact bone?

Osteon

What canals contain blood vessels in bone?

Haversian canals

What are the rings around canals called?

Lamella

What channels connect lacunae?

Canaliculi

Which bone type has trabeculae and red marrow?

Spongy bone

Which muscle is voluntary and striated?

Skeletal muscle

Which muscle is involuntary, striated, and has intercalated discs?

Cardiac muscle

Which muscle is non-striated and involuntary?

Smooth muscle

What cell transmits nerve signals?

Neuron

What part of neuron contains nucleus?

Soma

What part receives signals?

Dendrites

What part sends signals away?

Axon

What are bundles of axons and dendrites?

Nerve fibers

What are groups of nerve fibers called?

Nerves

What cells help neurons function?

Glial cells