EMTECH | Decision Making and Loops with Code

Boolean Logic

• True & False

• Not

• Equals

• Not Equals

• And

• Or

True & False

basic boolean values used in conditions

Not

negates a boolean value (not true becomes false)

Equals (=)

checks if two values are the same

Not Equals (≠)

checks if two values are not the same

And

returns true only if both conditions are tru

Or

returns true if at least one condition is true

Mathematical Operation Blocks

• Addition (+)

• Subtraction (-)

• Multiplication (x)

• Division (/)

Comparison Operators Blocks

• Equals (=)

• Greater than (>)

• Less than (<)

• Greater than or equal (≥)

• Less than or equal (≤)

Text Operations

• Length

• is empty

• compare texts

Length

finds the number of characters in a string

Is empty

checks if a string has no characters

Compare texts

compares two strings (A<B)

List Blocks

• a collection of multiple values in a single variable

• unlike a single variable, which stores one time, a list stores many

• keep data organized

• makes it easy to add, remove, or check items

List Operations

• Is in list?

• Length of list

• Is list empty?

Is In List?

checks if an item exists in a list

Length of list

returns the number of items in a list

Is list empty?

checks if a list has no elements

Decision Statement

• enables an app to make decisions by testing for a condition with a Boolean expression.

• A Boolean expression evaluates to a Boolean value using relational or comparison operators like =, ≤, and ≥ to test the conditions.

“If” Block

• a fundamental control structure that allows your app to make decisions.

• It executes an action only if a specific condition is true.

• If the condition is false, the action inside the block will be skipped

“If-Else” Block

• allows the app to make decisions based on conditions.

• It checks if a condition is true and executes a block of code.

• If the condition is false, it executes an alternative block of cod

“If-Else If-Else” Block

• In a conditional structure, the program evaluates conditions one by one from top to bottom.

• As soon as it finds a true condition, it executes the corresponding block and skips the rest.

Repetition Structure

• code segments that repeats a task a specific number of times or until a certain condition is met

• avoids copying and pasting the same lines of code over and over again
  easier to review and correct errors in a loop than multiple lines of repeated code.

While Loop

• control structure that keeps running as long as a specified condition is true

• it is useful for situations where you don’t know in advance how many times the loop should run, like waiting for a user input or continuously checking a sensor value

For Loop

• a control structure that repeats a block of code a fixed number of times, either by counting through a range (e.g., 1 to 5) or iterating over a collection like a list or dictionary

• help automate repetitive tasks