hmwrk 14 exam review

Sulfanilamide

A synthetic antimicrobial drug used to treat infections.

Superinfection

Infection occurring after treatment, often due to resistant microbes.

Broad-spectrum antimicrobials

Effective against a wide range of bacteria.

Selective toxicity

Ability to target microbes without harming the host.

Beta-lactam antimicrobials

Include penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams.

50S ribosomal subunit

Target for certain antimicrobials like chloramphenicol.

Efflux pump

Resistance mechanism expelling drugs from bacteria.

Target modification

Alters drug binding sites, leading to resistance.

VRE

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, not part of normal flora.

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a common resistant pathogen.

CRE

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, highly resistant bacteria.

ESBL-producing bacteria

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing, resistant to many drugs.

Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials

Effective against specific types of bacteria.

Oral administration

Convenient route for home treatment of systemic infections.

Therapeutic level

Concentration of drug effective for treatment without toxicity.

Mode of action

Mechanism by which an antimicrobial exerts its effects.

Prophylaxis

Preventive treatment to reduce infection risk after surgery.

B - lactamases can degrade vancomycin .

False

The group of soil bacteria known for their ability to produce a wide variety of antimicrobials is called the

Actinomycetes

The rate of discovery of antimicrobial drugs has decreased significantly in recent decades

True

Selective toxicity antimicrobials are easier to develop against bacteria because they are cells whereas human cells are eukaryotic

prokaryotic

Staphylococcus aureus , including MRSA strains , may commonly be carried as a normal member of the _ microbiota in some people

nasal