Ch 20: Industrial Revolution

Edmund Cartwright

Inventor of the power weaving loom

James Watt

Inventor of steam engine

George Stephenson

His Rocket was the 1st locomotive used on a public railway line

Crystal Palace

site of the Great Exhibition of 1851

Friedrich List

advocate of rapid industrialization and the use of tariffs

Credit Mobilier

industrial joint stock corporation of Paris

Kreditanstalt

industrial joint stock corporation of Vienna

Ruhr Valley

site of Germany's rich coal resources

Edwin Chadwick

lawyer who championed the cause of the urban poor

Robert Owen

cotton magnate and social reformer whose ideas contributed to the trade union movement

The industrial revolution in Britain was in large part inspired by

entrepreneurs who sought and accepted new manufacturing methods and inventions

The British entrepreneur Richard Arkwright

invented the water frame spinning machine

James Watt invented the steam engine as a way to

pump water from mines

The work ethic needed for efficient industrial production was taught as a religious virtue most noticeably in the

Methodist meeting houses of the English midlands

In the 18th century, Britain's cotton industry

was responsible for creating the first modern factories

The importance of railroads to the Industrial Revolution lay in the way they

led to British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering

The factory system and the vales on which it was based were

what relegated workers to lives of severe discipline and drudgery

The Great Exhibition of 1851

showed how the industrial revolution had achieved human domination over nature

displayed Britain's industrial wealth and might to the world

was housed in the Crystal Palace,itself a tribute to Britain's engineering skills

was the brainchild of Prince Albert

(all of the above)

Industry on the continent differed from that in Britain because it

had a less dependable work force

The Industrial Revolution in the US

employed large numbers of women in factories, especially in textile mills

American industrialists overcame the problem of the country's vast size by

building roads, canals, and railroads

American factory owners invested heavily in machinery because

the American work force was largely unskilled

In 1842, Chadwick published a landmark study of British

poverty and urged greater sanitation

The European population explosion of the 19th century

was largely caused by the general disappearance of famine

Mine workers during the industrial revolution

could be identified by their physical deformities

In European urban life in the early 19th century,

filthy sanitary conditions were made worse by the refusal of city authorities to take responsibility or action

The harsh treatment of children in the workplace during the early IR

was not out of line with the brutal treatment of children in general

Before 1870, women's wages in textile mills were

half or less than that of men's wages

The Luddies

physically attacked machines they believed were adversely affecting their livelihood

The "people's charter" demanded

the right of all adult men to vote, that members of Parliament be paid for their services, the elimination of all property qualifications to run for office, annual sessions of Parliament (all of the above)

British led the Industrial Revolution bc it had deposits of ___ and __, because it had abundant __, and because of its small ___

coal, iron ore, rivers, size

The cotton industry was pushed forward dramatically by the water frame spinning machine of Richard ___ and the power loon of Edmund ____

Arkwright, Cartwright

Richard Trevithick pioneered the use of the steam-powered ___, but George Stephenson's ___ was the first used on a public line

locomotive; Rocket

The Great Exhibition of 1851, held in the __ ___ in ___, demonstrated that ___ led the world in industry

Crystal Palace; Kensington; Britain

Germany eventually played a major role in the industrial revolution because of __ deposits in the ___ Valley of the ___.

coal, Ruhr, Rhineland

In Ireland, where ___ peasants rented from absentee British ___ landlords, a mid-century __ crop failure led to massive ___

Catholic, Protestant, potato, starvation

As secretary for the __ __ Commission, Edwin Chadwick blamed urban diseases on ____ impurities and called for reforms in ___

Poor Law; atmospheric; sanitation

Children were extensively used in factories because of their small __, because they were easily __ to work, and because they were a ___ supply of labor.

size, broken, cheap

The People's Charter of 1838 demanded universal suffrage for ___, that Members of Parliament be __, and that Parliament meet ___.

males, paid, annually

The Factory Acts passed b/w 1802 and 1819 limited child labor to _ hours a day, forbade hiring of children under __ years, and required that children be taught __ and __ during work hours.

12; 9; reading; arithmetic

Victoria and Albert's Great Exhibition

7th, 1851

People's Charter promulgated

5th, 1838

Cartwright invents the power loom

2nd, 1787

Watt invents the rotary steam engine

1st, 1782

Ten Hours Act

6th, 1847

Trevithick first uses the steam locomotive

3rd, 1804

Luddites attack machines

4th, 1812