Terms and Concepts for Part 4 Exam Review

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes for the Part 4 exam.

Marbury v. Madison

1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to review laws and actions of the government and declare them unconstitutional.

Judicial Authority

The power held by courts to interpret the law and adjudicate legal disputes.

William Marbury

A Federalist who sued James Madison for not delivering his commission as justice of the peace.

Writ of Mandamus

A court order compelling an official to perform a specific duty.

Jeffersonian Republicanism

A political ideology developed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison advocating for a republic based on agrarianism and limited government.

Barbary Pirates

Muslim corsairs who seized ships and demanded tribute for safe passage in the Mediterranean.

The Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, which nearly doubled the size of the U.S.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The French leader who sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States to finance his military campaigns.

Impressment

The act of seizing American sailors and making them serve in the British navy.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

A naval conflict in 1807 where the British ship Leopard attacked the U.S. ship Chesapeake.

Embargo Act of 1807

Legislation that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports.

Non-Intercourse Act

An 1809 act that allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France.

Macon’s Bill #2

Legislation that resumed trade with all nations and included provisions for embargoes.

Tecumseh

A Native American leader who attempted to form a confederacy to resist white settlement.

Battle of Tippecanoe

An 1811 battle between American forces and Native Americans led by Tecumseh.

The War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain centered on trade restrictions and impressment.

Burning of Washington, D.C.

The British attack that resulted in the destruction of public buildings during the War of 1812.

Fort McHenry

The site of a significant American victory during the War of 1812, inspiring the Star-Spangled Banner.

Battle of New Orleans

A decisive American victory in the War of 1812 that occurred after the peace treaty was signed.

Military preparedness

The state of having a well-trained and well-equipped military.

Hartford Convention

A gathering of Federalist delegates protesting the War of 1812.

Cotton Kingdom

The economic dominance of cotton production in the South, particularly due to the invention of the cotton gin.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power.

Corrupt Bargain

The purported deal that led to John Quincy Adams' election as president over Andrew Jackson in 1824.

Protective Tariffs

Taxes on imports designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Internal Improvements

Federal funding for infrastructure projects to enhance transportation and trade.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Legislation that authorized the forced relocation of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears

The forced march of Cherokee Indians from their homeland, resulting in thousands of deaths.

Bank War

Political conflict during Andrew Jackson's presidency over the future of the Second Bank of the United States.

Nullification Crisis

A conflict between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the state's refusal to enforce federal tariffs.

Utopian Societies

Communities attempting to create an ideal society based on various reform movements.

Temperance Movement

A social reform effort aimed at reducing alcohol consumption.

Asylum Reform

The movement advocating for improved treatment and conditions in mental health facilities.

Horace Mann

Education reformer who advocated for public schools and teacher training.

William Lloyd Garrison

Prominent abolitionist and journalist known for his anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and leading African-American abolitionist, orator, and writer.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent.

Texas Revolution

Conflict resulting in Texas' independence from Mexico and its eventual annexation by the United States.

Battle of Gonzales

The first military engagement of the Texas Revolution.

The Alamo

The site of a pivotal battle in the Texas Revolution where Texian defenders were ultimately overrun.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and ceded large territories to the U.S.

Cotton Gin

A device invented by Eli Whitney that revolutionized cotton production and increased reliance on slave labor.

John Tyler

The 10th president of the United States, who succeeded Harrison and faced the issue of secession.