Psychology in Everyday Life: Motivation and Emotion

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards designed for studying key concepts related to motivation and emotion in psychology.

Motivation

Need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Drive-Reduction Theory

Physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an individual to satisfy the need.

Arousal Theory

Describes the search for arousal level that energizes and directs behavior.

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's theory of human motivation comprising five levels of needs.

Homeostasis

Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance; the optimal level of arousal varies based on the task.

Self-Actualization Needs

Need to live up to our fullest and unique potential.

Esteem Needs

Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and recognition from others.

Belongingness and Love Needs

Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted.

Physiological Needs

Need to satisfy basic bodily requirements like hunger and thirst.

Ghrelin

Hormone that stimulates appetite and increases hunger.

Leptin

Hormone that decreases appetite and signals satiety.

Set Point

Point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is set; influences hunger levels.

Basal Metabolic Rate

Body's resting rate of energy output.

Taste Preferences

Influenced by biological and cultural factors regarding what foods we prefer.

Ostracism

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups.

Self-Determination Theory

Theory that states humans are motivated by the need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Achievement Motivation

Desire for significant accomplishment, mastery of skills, or high standards.

Grit

Passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Emotion

A mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious feelings.

James-Lange Theory

Theory stating that arousal comes before emotion.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory stating that arousal and emotion occur simultaneously.

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

Theory that states emotion is based on physical arousal and cognitive labeling.

Facial Feedback Effect

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings.

Polygraph

Device that measures changes in physiological indicators linked to emotions.

Basic Emotions

Emotions that are universally recognized, including joy, sadness, anger, and fear.

Emotion Detection

Ability to recognize and interpret emotions in others.

Cultural Differences in Emotion

Variations in emotional expression and interpretation across cultures.

Behavior Feedback Effect

Going through the motions can awaken corresponding emotions.

Acetaminophen

Pain reliever that helps lessen the pain of social exclusion.

Anxiety

A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about an imminent event.

Loneliness

Emotional response to feeling disconnected or isolated from others.

Jealousy

Emotional response to perceived threats to a valued relationship.

Self-Discipline

Ability to control oneself and make decisions in pursuit of long-term goals.

Physiology of Emotions

Study of bodily responses and their relationships to emotions.

Complex Emotions

Emotions that involve a combination of feelings and physiological responses.

Emotional Appraisal

Evaluating the significance of an event for personal well-being.

Social Networking

Use of online platforms to connect, share, and communicate.

Nudging Nutrition

Encouraging healthier food choices through subtle changes in the environment.

Set Point Theory

The idea that our body has a natural weight range it tries to maintain.

Spillover Effect

Arousal from one event may spill over to influence emotion in another event.

Cognitive Appraisal

The interpretation of a stimulus as dangerous or safe.

Motivational Influences

Factors that affect an individual's energy and direction of behavior.

Psychological Needs

Needs that drive behavior and influence emotions.