Incumbents

Political disadvantage for women

Social norms view men as stronger leaders, leading to fewer women in public office.

Incumbent advantage

The tendency of current officeholders to have a better chance of reelection than challengers.

Fill in the Blank: Women are primarily seen in the __________ sphere, while men are in the __________ sphere.

private; public

What percentage of Congress members are women?

28%.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of district boundaries to favor one party over another.

Question and Answer: What is the effect of incumbency on elections?

Incumbents have an easier time getting reelected due to name recognition and fundraising advantages.

Redistricting

The process of redrawing district lines after reapportionment.

Fill in the Blank: The order of succession to the presidency starts with the __________.

vice president

Divided Government

A situation where more than one party controls the house, senate, and presidency.

What is the 'service strategy' of incumbents?

Using staff in ways that benefit constituents' needs and requests.

What is 'pork' in political terms?

'Pork' refers to government spending that is intended to benefit constituents, often in the form of projects in a specific district or state, primarily aimed at gaining favor from voters.

What is reapportionment?

Reapportionment is the process of redistributing seats in the House of Representatives based on population changes after the census.