ICT Chapter 1

What is CPU?

Central Processing Unit

What does a control unit do?

Manages the work done by the CPU

What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do?

Does all the calculations in the CPU by carrying out the instructions

What are buses?

The 3 parts of a CPU that are joined together by connections

What is the computer’s memory sometimes called as?

The memory unit

IAS (Immediate Access Store)

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Examples of storage

Hard disk

Flash memory drive

School network storage

Cloud storage

Advantages and disadvantages about RAM and Secondary storage

Advantages:

RAM is close to the CPU so its fetches instructions very easily and quickly

Disadvantages:

Its contents are all lost once the computer is shut off

Advantages:

Keeps data and instructions safe

Disadvantages:

Further away from the CPU and takes longer to get data and instructions

What do each of the words in a fetch-execute cycle stand for?

Fetch: ‘Fetches’ the instructions from the RAM

Decode: ‘Decodes’ the instruction, so it knows what to do

Execute: Signal is sent to the ALU to tell it what to do

Save: ALU sends the result back to the RAM

AND gate diagram

OR gate diagram

NOT gate diagram

What is a robot?

A machine programmed to carry out tasks with great speed and accuracy

What jobs are robots used in?

Manufacturing (Cars and electronic industries)

Agriculture (Drones)

Medicine (Surgery)

Distribution (Picking up goods from distribution stores)

Disaster recovery (Working in dangerous environments)

How are robots used in manufacturing?

Robots do repetitive jobs such as soldering electrical components or making microchips

How are robots used in agriculture?

Drones are now used to spray and harvest crops including removing weeds

What do these sensors function? (Proximity sensors, Bumper switches, Pressure Pads)

Proximity Sensors: Uses infrared light beams to detect nearby objects

Bumper switches: Tells a robot that it has hit something

Pressure pads: Used to control robot hands as they pick objects up

What are vision guided robots? (VGR)

Allows robots to use video cameras to see in 2D and 3D

What are voice recognition and natural language processing (NLP)

Gives the robots a sense of hearing

What are real time operating systems? (RTOS)

When robots are working in the real world, they must respond to events as they happen