unit 2

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Environmental Science

Ecosystems & Biodiversity

AP Environmental Science

Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity

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17 Terms

1
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Type I survivorship curve

  • organisms live longer than middle ages

  • less offspring

  • lots of parental care

  • K- selected species

<ul><li><p>organisms live longer than middle ages</p></li><li><p>less offspring</p></li><li><p>lots of parental care</p></li><li><p><strong>K- selected species</strong></p></li></ul>
2
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type II survivorship curve

  • constant proportion of individuals dying at each age interval

  • few offspring

  • lots of parental care

  • K-selected species

<ul><li><p>constant proportion of individuals dying at each age interval</p></li><li><p>few offspring</p></li><li><p>lots of parental care</p></li><li><p><strong>K-selected species</strong></p></li></ul>
3
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type III survivorship curve

  • high death rate

  • low death rate for older organisms

  • lots of offspring

  • no parental care

  • r- selected species

<ul><li><p>high death rate</p></li><li><p>low death rate for older organisms</p></li><li><p>lots of offspring</p></li><li><p>no parental care</p></li><li><p><strong>r- selected species</strong></p></li></ul>
4
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k- selected species

  • longer life span

  • fewer offspring

  • lots of parental care

5
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r-selected species

  • survive in low competition

  • shorter life spans

  • many offspring

6
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exponential population growth

  • population per capita growth rate stays the same regardless of population size

  • grows faster as it gets larger

  • not limited by food, space, environmental stuff

7
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logistic population growth

  • population reaches carrying capacity (k)

  • limited by environmental factors

8
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density dependent

  • competition for resources

  • predation

  • disease

  • waste accumulation

  • affect because of density

9
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density independent

  • natural disasters

  • affect regardless of density

10
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population overshoot

  • population exceeding carrying capacity

  • species depletes resources and decreases

11
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age structure diagram: rapid growth

  • more young people

  • less old people

  • high birth and death rates

  • LEDC

<ul><li><p>more young people</p></li><li><p>less old people</p></li><li><p>high birth and death rates</p></li><li><p>LEDC</p></li></ul>
12
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age structure diagram: slow growth

  • more older people

  • less younger people

  • high birth rate

  • declining death rate

<ul><li><p>more older people</p></li><li><p>less younger people</p></li><li><p>high birth rate</p></li><li><p>declining death rate</p></li></ul>
13
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age structure diagram: stable

  • same proportion of younger, middle age, and older people

  • declining birth rate

  • low death rate

  • MEDC

<ul><li><p>same proportion of younger, middle age, and older people</p></li><li><p>declining birth rate</p></li><li><p>low death rate</p></li><li><p>MEDC</p></li></ul>
14
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age structure diagram: declining

  • few young people

  • low birth rate

  • low death rate

  • MEDC

<ul><li><p>few young people</p></li><li><p>low birth rate</p></li><li><p>low death rate</p></li><li><p>MEDC</p></li></ul>
15
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fecundity

ability to reproduce

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total fertility rate (tfr)

average number of children born to a woman

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replacement fertility rate

when level of fertility replaces itself from one generation to the next