Psychology

Abnormal Psychology

The study of patterns and behaviors that were strange. Explores causes and treatments for psychological disorders

Clinical Psychology

Branch of Psychology that studies psychological disorders to find treatment for the disorder to improve mental health

Psychology Student Syndrome

Psychology students studying unusual behaviors that might question about their well-being, and self-diagnose themselves with a mental disorder.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, Fifth Edition.

Classification of all known mental health disorders used by Mental Health Experts

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

global standards used to diagnose diseases by professionals

Deviation

People that broken rules of social situations to identify disorders

Distress

intense emotional suffering that interferes with one’s daily live

Dysfunction

The interference of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being impacting their daily life

Stigma

Negative stereotype and being looked down upon because of their mental health disorder

biological perspective

mental disorders are caused by how your brain functions and genetics

Behavioral Perspective

Mental disorders came from negative experiences, and that they can be solved with inappropriate conditioning

Psychodynamic Perspective

Mental disorders that comes from unconscious thoughts that are unresolved.

Humanistic Perspective

Mental disorders that are caused by people’s personal limit of growth

Cognitive Perspective

Mental disorders are through patterns that caused Spiral thinking

Evolutionary Perspective

Mental disorders that is caused by reducing an individual’s chance to survive

Sociocultural Perspective

Mental disorders are caused by a maladaptive social and relationship dynamics

Eclectic Approach

Mixes with different techniques to help with an individual’s needs
- Enhances Flexibility and effectiveness in Therapy

Biopsychological Model

Psychological disorder that resulted from a interaction between Psychological, biological and social culture

Diathesis-Stress model

Psychological disorders that came from genetics or bad memories

Anxiety Disorders

Described as having too much fear or anxiety that disturbs with your behavior

Specific Phobia

Described as having an intense fear in a situation, distress that disrupts daily function

Acrophobia

Extreme fear of height

Arachnophobia

Extreme fear of spiders

Agoraphobia

intense fear when help in a situation isn’t available

Panic disorder

Unexpected intense anxiety and episodes of discomfort

Attaque de nervios

“Attack of Nerves”, episodes of emotional distress, dramatic expression of sadness

Social Anxiety Disorder

Significant fear on social situations where it leads to avoidance and embarassment

Taijin Kyofusho

Intense fear of offending people because of our apperance

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive worry about daily lives, restlessness, and fatigue

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Unwanted thoughts, and repetitive that an individual in response leads to an obsession, causing distress

Hoarding disorder

difficulty discarding items due to a need to save them

Trauma and Stressor-related disorders

Psychological stress to a traumatic event, symptoms are hypervigilance, anxiety, and insomnia

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Persistent thoughts about a mental or physical stress after a traumatic event

Depressive Disorders

Persistent, sad, irritable mood that impacts on daily lives

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Mood depression for at least a year

Major Depressive Disorder

Low mood that comes with low self-esteem.

Bipolar disorders

Alternating periods of behaviors

Bipolar II Disorder

At least one hypomanic episode and one depressive episode but don’t have mania

Bipolar I disorder

AT least one manic episode followed by hypermania

Neurodevelopment disorders

Group of disorders that is grouped based on their developmental periods (Kids, baby, childrens)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder

Patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that impacts functioning

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Challenges with social communication, restricted repetitive behaviors vary on severity

Feeding and eating disorders

Style of consuming food, can lead to health impact and psychological functioning

Anorexia Nervosa

Disorder that is based on limiting food consumption for weight loss and body image

Bulimia

Disorder that is based on insane binge eating session, follow by an intense training or vomiting to get rid of the food

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

Based on delusions, hallucinations, and speech disorganization, motor behavior.

Schizophrenia

Constant delusion, hallucinations, messy thinking, impairing daily live functioning

Positive Symptoms

Behaviors that are not noticeable in normal or healthy people.

Negative Symptoms

Deficit in normal behavioral function

Disorganized thinking or speech

Using words in a nonsensical manner. Unrelated topics

Disorganized Motor Behavior

Weird movements like a bizarre posture and impacts daily functioning in daily life

-Catatonia is a disorder in which schizophrenia affects the movement

Flat Affect

Person cannot express their emotions, cannot show facial expressions or voice

Dopamine Hypothesis

Disorder is linked with the imbalanced amount of Dopamine in the brain

Dissociative Disorders

Disruption in consciousness and memory, leads to significant impairment.

Dissociative Amensia

Unable to recall information about themselves, from a stressful and traumatic nature

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Two or more personalities with each different perceiving ideas about the world

Personality disorders

patterns of internal experience and behavior that’s is different from a cultural expectation of a person. Starts at a young age or adulthood

Cluster A personality Disorder

Characterized by odd or weird behavior or thinking.

Paranoid Personality disorder

Distrust and suspiscion of others, seeing their actions as harmful to them

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships, preferring to be alone all of the time

Schizotypal personality disorder

Uncomfortable with close relationships, leads to social difficulties

Cluster B Personality disorders

Characterized by dramatic, emotional, and creative behavior

Antisocial Personality Disorders

Disregarding others, violates rights of others, no remorse for their actions

Histrionic Personality Disorders

Based on too much emotions and always seeking attention, seeking for validation, and weird seductiveness

Narcissistic personality disorders

described as a need for admiration, lack empathy for others, which results in a exploitative behaviors in a relationship

Borderline Personality Disorders

Instability in relationships, self-image and emotions. Impulsive Behaviors and intense fear of abandonment, leading to difficulty in daily life.

Splitting

Views as all good or all bad, not in the slight or in the middle

Cluster C personality disorder

Characterized by anxious and fearful behaviors, involves social inhibition, perfectionism, and submission.

Avoidant personality disorders

Patterns of social inhibition, feelings that you’re not good enough, and too sensitive to criticism, which leads them to avoid relationships or try new stuff

Dependent personality Disorders

Excessive need in the relationship, leads to submissive behaviors and clingy to their loved ones, has difficulty to make decisions for their own

Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorders

Always seeking to be perfect and clean, leads to impairment in distress and in daily life

Deinstituionalization

Reducing the numbers of mental health patients by transitioning them to a community based mental health service.

Evidence-Based interventions

therapeutic approach that are supported by science, ensuring effectiveness

Therapeutic alliance

Trusting bond between a therapist and their client.

Cultural Humility

Process of self-reflection and learning about other cultures and their client’s background

Nonmaleficence

Therapist avoid actions that could harm their patients, mentally, physically, and psychology

Fidelity

Maintaining a valuable bond between a therapist and their client

Integrity

Being honest and transparent to ensure ethicality in a therapeutic setting

Respect for People’s right and Dignity

Recognizing worth of a person, privacy, and confidentiality, self-respected, and treating clients with respect

Psychodynamic thoughts

Focusing on finding their unconscious conflicts to understand the client’s behavior

Free association

Let clients freely speaks about memories on their mind to understand conflicts and solve issues

Dream interpretation

Analyzing content of a dream to uncover the unconscious thoughts

Person-Centered therapy

Providing a supportive environment for people to be able to grow and learn easily

Active listening

Therapists concentrating, remembering, understanding what the person is saying

Unconditional Positive Regard

An Attitude of complete acceptance and supports what a therapist offers a client

Group Therapy

Therapy with multiple people with one or more therapist

Individual Therapy

Therapy on a one-on-one situation with the client and the therapist only

Cognitive Therapies

Focusing on changing your negative thoughts to change yourself

Maladaptive thinking

Negative thoughts patterns that leads to dysfunctional behaviors

Cognitive Restructuring

Replacing your negative thoughts and try to challenge it to improve emotional well-being and behaviors

Cognitive Triad

Negative thoughts about oneself and the world, plus the future.

Applied Behaviors analysis

Therapy that uses principles of learning that helps to improves social skills and communication through stratergies

Exposure Therapy

technique that exposes feared objects to the individual so they are not feared in the future

Systematic Dessensitization

Type of exposure therapy that constantly exposes the individual of what they are feared so they become not scared of it

Aversion Therapy

Therapy that eliminates behaviors that associating it with a bad stimuli so they can stop it.

Token Economics

Behavioral Therapy where individuals earn rewards like tokens so they can redeem it, reinforces positive behaviors

biofeedback

Uses electric monitoring to provide individuals with the information to help them control and improves health

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Treatment that combine cognitive and behavioral techniques to improve sensation regulation.

Rational Emotive behavior therapy

Identifying irrational thoughts and beliefs to a more rational one to improves health and regulation

Dialectal Behavior Therapy

Type of cognitive techniques that improves emotional regulation and distress.