Experience 1: States of Matter

Solid

A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume

Liquid

the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume

Crystalline Solid

A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

Amorphous Solid

A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern

Fluid

A substance that flows

surface tension

an inward force, or pull, among the molecules in a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing

Pressure

the amount of force pushed outward divided by the walls of a container

The amount of space that matter fills is its

volume

A state of matter with a definite volume, but no definite shape is a

liquid

A (blank) will always take the shape and volume of its container.

gas

The (blank) is a measure of the average speed of the particles in a substance.

temperature

A (blank) has a definite volume but no shape of its own.

liquid

The (blank) of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of its container.

pressure

Viscosity is the inward force among the molecules of a liquid.

false

A amorphous solid has a definite melting point.

false

Both gases and liquids are fluids.

true

All solids have a closely packed, fixed arrangement of particles.

true

Which state of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape?

Gas

Which state of matter has definite volume but no definite shape?

Liquid

What do we call anything that takes up space and has mass?

Matter

Which state of matter has a definite volume and a definite shape?

Solid

What are uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid?

Surface tension

What do we call a gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature?

Vapor

What is a measurement of a liquid's resistance to flow?

Viscosity

Of the following liquids, which is the most viscous (highest viscosity): honey, water, milk?

Honey

Of the following liquids, which is the least viscous (lowest viscosity): pancake syrup, water?

Water

How are Charles's Law & Boyle's Law similar?

They are both laws that explain the nature of gases.

They both deal with the volumes of gases.

If the pressure upon a gas increases, the volume _______________.

decreases

What does the kinetic molecular theory explain?

The kinetic molecular theor explains how particles behave within matter.

While a liquid is boiling, does its temperature increase, decrease, or stay the same?

Stays the same

If the temperature of a gas is decreased, does its volume increase, decrease, or stay the same?

Decrease

When particles get hotter, do they move more quickly, more slowly, or at the same speed?

More quickly

As particle motion increases, what happens to kinetic energy?

It increases

As particle motion increases, what happens to temperature?

It increases

What are the 2 types of vaporization?

Evaporation and boiling

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

Evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid. Boiling occurs throughout. Boiling is associated with high temperatures. Evaporation can occur at any temperature at which matter is in the liquid state.

What are 2 factors that determine the state of matter?

Particle motion

Particle force

Explain the free motion of particles.

Particles move in a straight line until they collide with something. They then bounce off and continue in a straight line.

List 3 examples of solid.

Answers will vary.

List 3 examples of liquid.

Answers will vary.

List 3 examples of gas.

Answers will vary. Examples: air, water vapor, carbon dioxide

List 3 examples of plasma.

Answers will vary. Examples: fluorescent lights, Sun/stars, lightning

The three most common states of matter on Earth are:

solids, liquids, gases

Most matter in space is in this state.

Plasma

When particles move more slowly, they move (closer together or farther apart)

closer together.

When particles are close together, their attractive forces between them are ____________.

strong.

When particles in a solid are arranged in a specific, repeating order, the solid is a(n) __________ solid.

crystalline

When particles in a solid are randomly arranged the solid is a(n) __________ solid.

amorphous

The particle motion in a liquid state of a substance is _____________ than the particle motion in a substance's solid state.

faster

A liquid has a definite ________ but no definite ________.

volume, shape

A measurement of a liquid's resistance to flow is called its _______.

viscosity

The attraction between molecules that are alike is called ________.

cohesion

___________ involves the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.

Surface tension

A gas has no definite ________ and no definite ______.

volume, shape

The gas state of a substance that is usually a solid or liquid at room temperature is called a _______.

vapor

As particles move farther apart, potential energy _______.

increases.

As particles move closer together, potential energy ______.

decreases

Compare thermal energy with temperature

Thermal energy is the total of all of the kinetic energy and potential energy. Temperature is just the total kinetic energy.

Contrast freezing with melting.

Melting is when a solid changes to a liquid. Freezing is when a liquid changes to a solid.

Compare and contrast sublimation with deposition.

Sublimation is when a solid changes directly to a gas. Condensation is when a gas changes directly to a solid. Neither uses the liquid state.

temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

melting point

can result from adding or removing thermal energy

change of state

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

condensation

temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid

freezing point

gas becomes a solid without first becoming a liquid

deposition

solid becomes a gas without first changing to a liquid

sublimation

________ energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.

Kinetic

The ______ particles move, the more kinetic energy they have.

faster

Particles in the ______ state have the most kinetic energy.

gaseous

Temperature is the measure of the average ______ of all the particles in an object.

kinetic energy

When the temperature of a substance _____, particles move more slowly.

decreases

Potential energy ______ as particles get farther apart.

increases

Thermal energy is the ______ of potential and kinetic energy.

sum

When thermal energy is added to a liquid, kinetic energy ________.

increases

As a liquid changes to a ____ the particles move farther apart.

gas

According to Boyle's law, when the pressure upon a gas increases, its volume ________.

decreases

According to Boyle's law, when a gas's volume increases, its pressure ________.

decreases

According to Boyle's law, when the pressure upon a gas decreases, its volume ________.

increases

According to Boyle's law, when a gas's volume decreases, its pressure ________.

increases

According to Charles's Law, when a gas's temperature increases, its volume ________.

decreases

According to Charles's Law, when a gas's temperature decreases, its volume ________.

decreases

In Boyle's Law, what factor must remain constant?

Temperature

In Charles's Law, what factor must remain constant?

Pressure