EXAM 5: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

What is the term for structures that have common developmental origins?

Homologues

primary sex organs

gonads (females = ovaries, males = testes)

erectile organ that is highly sensitive in males + females

Clitoris (female) and glans penis (male)

he organ that protects and covers the reproductive structures in males + females

Labia majora (female) and scrotum (male)

what reproductive organ secretes mucin for lubrication

Greater vestibular glands (female) and bulbourethral glands (male)

perineum

A diamond-shaped region extending from the pubis to the coccyx

What is the urogenital triangle? Which organs are found here?

anterior part of the peritoneum (females = clitoris, urethra, vagina ; males = penis, scrotum)

What is the anal triangle? Which organ is found there?

posterior part of peritoneum, contains the anus

What is the primary sex organ for females?

Ovaries

What are the accessory sex organs for females?

Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Clitoris, Mammary glands

What are the regions of the ovaries?

Ovarian cortex and Ovarian medulla

What is found in the ovarian cortex?

Outer region containing ovarian follicles

What is found in the ovarian medulla?

Inner region with areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

What is oogenesis?

The process of ovum (egg) production

What is an oogonium?

Diploid (2N), 46 chromosomes formed by mitosis

What is a primary oocyte?

Diploid (2N), arrested in prophase I until puberty

What is a secondary oocyte?

Haploid (N), arrested in metaphase II until fertilization

What is a zygote?

The cell formed when sperm fertilizes the egg

What are the cells that make up an ovarian follicle?

Oocyte, Granulosa cells, Theca cells

What is the function of granulosa cells?

Support oocyte and produce estradiol

What is folliculogenesis?

The development of ovarian follicles

What is a primordial follicle?

Primary oocyte + single layer of simple squamous granulosa cells

What is a primary follicle?

Larger primary oocyte + single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

What is a secondary follicle?

Multiple layers of cuboidal granulosa cells with theca cells present

What is a preovulatory (Graafian) follicle?

Theca externa, Theca interna, Cumulus oophorus, Corona radiata

What structure forms after ovulation?

Corpus luteum

What does the corpus luteum become when no pregnancy occurs?

Corpus albicans

What ligaments suspend the ovary?

Ovarian ligament and Suspensory ligament

What does the suspensory ligament contain?

Ovarian arteries, veins, and nerves

What ligaments suspend the uterus?

Round ligament and Uterosacral (sacrocervical) ligaments

What is the general function of the uterine tubes?

Carry oocyte/fertilized egg to uterus

What lines the uterine tubes?

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Where does fertilization occur?

Ampulla of the uterine tube

What is the uterus?

Site of implantation, fetal development, and placenta formation

What are the regions of the uterus?

Fundus, Body, Cervix

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

What is the length of the menstrual cycle?

Approximately 28 days

What phases are in the ovarian cycle?

Follicular phase, Ovulation, Luteal phase

What phases are in the uterine cycle?

Menstrual phase, Proliferative phase, Secretory phase, Premenstrual phase

What is the general function of the vagina?

Birth canal, copulatory organ, passageway for menstruation

What is the hymen?

Mucosal fold at vaginal orifice that may be ruptured

What is the vulva?

Female external genitalia

What structures are found in the vestibule?

Urethral orifice, Vaginal orifice, Greater vestibular glands, Prepuce, Clitoris, Corpora cavernosa

What are mammary glands?

Glands that produce milk for infant nutrition and immune defense

What is the pathway of the oocyte to the environment?

Ovary → uterine tube → uterus → cervix → vagina → vaginal orifice