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Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. Converts food /glucose into usable (ATP) by the organism.
Aerobic respiration
Converting glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, ETC, total of 36-38 ATP, Location: mitochondria
Anaerobic Respiration
Converting glucose into ATP without oxygen. Glycolysis & Fermentation. Location: cytoplasm
Alcoholic Fermentation
Type of anaerobic respiration used by organisms such as yeast to recycle products of glycolysis. Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide made.
Lactic Acid Respiration
Type of anaerobic respiration used by organisms such as bacteria to recycle products of glycolysis. Lactic acid made, Used in making cheese and yogurt
Glycolysis
First stage of anaerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules, makes 2 ATP.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.
Mitochondria
Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Does not use oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Uses oxygen
Fermentation
When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration.
Cytoplasm
Place where cells perform glycolysis & fermentation.
Definition of Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy (ATP).
Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + (ATP)Energy
Photosynthetic Equation
6H20 + 6CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Location of Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Reactants of Photosynthesis
6H20 + 6CO2
Products of Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthetic Pigments
Chemicals that absorb light energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis. Contained in thylakoid membranes in chloroplast. Examples are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and phycobilins.
2 Reactions of Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reaction
Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
Adenosine Triphosphate
Main energy source that cells use for most of their work. (ATP)
2 ATP
Number of ATP produced by both Glycolysis & Kreb's Cycle - 4 ATP total
34 ATP
Maximum number of ATP produced by Electron Chain Transport
Electron Carriers
NADH and FADH2 - allow for electrons & protons to be used in a chain of reactions produce MUCH MORE ATP.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
2nd stage of respiration where 2 ATP, CO2 & electron carriers are made for 3rd step: ETC
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
3rd stage of respiration where electron carriers are used in a series of reactions along the membrane. Upto 34 ATP and H2O are made (O2 --> H2O)
light-dependent reactions
reactions of photosynthesis that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH
Calvin Cycle
"DARK" reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build glucose (C6H12O6). No light used.
Glucose
C6H12O6 broken down in Glycolysis (cell respiration) to form 2 pyruvates and 2 ATP.
Thylakoids
Packed with Chlorophyll - Pancake shape. Where photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
Granum
A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
Stroma
fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
Stomata
Small openings underside of a leaf where O2 comes out after its made and CO2 goes in.
Lactic Acid
Product of fermentation in many cells, causes the burning pain in muscle cells.
ethanol and CO2
What yeast produce through alcoholic fermentation.
NADH & FADH2
molecules that can carry high energy electrons through the electron transport chain.