Key Battles of the Greco-Persian Wars

This set of flashcards covers key battles in the Greco-Persian Wars, outlining events, types of battles, outcomes, and their significance.

What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae?

A small Greek force led by King Leonidas of Sparta held off the massive Persian army at a narrow mountain pass for three days.

What type of battle was the Battle of Thermopylae?

Land battle.

Who won the Battle of Thermopylae?

The Persians, after the Greeks were betrayed and outflanked.

Why is the Battle of Thermopylae important?

It showcased Greek bravery and unity against overwhelming odds, inspiring future resistance against Persia.

What happened at the Battle of Artemisium?

A series of naval engagements between the Greek and Persian fleets occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Thermopylae. The Greeks inflicted damage but had to retreat after learning of their defeat at Thermopylae.

What type of battle was the Battle of Artemisium?

Naval battle.

Who won the Battle of Artemisium?

The Persians, as the Greeks withdrew.

Why is the Battle of Artemisium important?

It delayed the Persian navy and allowed the Greeks to regroup for the decisive Battle of Salamis.

What happened at the Battle of Salamis?

The Greek navy, led by Themistocles, lured the larger Persian fleet into the narrow straits of Salamis, where the Greeks' smaller, more maneuverable ships achieved a decisive victory.

What type of battle was the Battle of Salamis?

Naval battle.

Who won the Battle of Salamis?

The Greeks.

Why is the Battle of Salamis important?

It marked a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars, forcing Xerxes to retreat and saving Greece from conquest.

What happened at the Battle of Plataea?

The Greek allied forces, led by Pausanias, decisively defeated the Persian army, killing their general Mardonius and ending the Persian invasion.

What type of battle was the Battle of Plataea?

Land battle.

Who won the Battle of Plataea?

The Greeks.

Why is the Battle of Plataea important?

It ended the Persian threat to Greece and secured Greek independence, paving the way for the Golden Age of Greece.