Chemistry Chapter 2

Mass

the amount of matter that an object contains

Volume

the amount of space taken up by an object

Extensive Propert

ya property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Extensive Property example

weight

Intensive Property

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample

Substance

matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Physical Property

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's compositition

Physical Property example

color

3 common states of matter

liquid, solid, gas

Liquid volume and shape

definite volume, indefinite shape

liquid particles

particles flow and are not as tightly packed as solid particles but have attraction between them and cant be compacted

Solid volume and shape

definite volume and shape

solid particles

particles are tightly packed

gas volume and shape

indefinite volume and indefinite shape

Vapor'describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

Fluids

liquids and gases, both can flow,

physical change

properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change (state of matter change)

types of physical change

reversible and irreversible

mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Types of mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

Homogenous

composition is uniform throughout

heterogeneous

composition is not uniform throughout

Solution

liquid homogenous mixture

Phase

any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

phases in a homogeneous mixture

one

phases in a heterogeneous mixture

2 or more

Filtering

use of a filter to remove one substance

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Element

the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

Compound

chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed proportion (can be broken down by chemical means)

Chemical Change

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

During a chemical change...

the composition of matter always changes

Chemical Properties

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (flammable)

Left side of chemical equation

reactants

right side of chemical equation

products

Hints that there may have been a chemical reaction

1) makes a gas 2) color change 3) formation of a precipitate (solid side product of 2 liquids) 4) energy transfer (commonly temperature change)

Law of Conservation of Mass

matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction (true for everything but relevant for chemical change)

reactants' total mass is

equal to the products' total mass