People within one culture adopting traits from the other.
New cards
2
Artifact
Visible, physical objects created by a culture.
New cards
3
Culture Hearth
The geographic origin of a culture or cultural trait.
New cards
4
Culture Complex
The group of traits that define a particular culture
New cards
5
Culture Trait
A single distinguishing visible feature of regular occurrence within a culture.
New cards
6
Culture Realm
Areas of the world that share cultural traits such as language, religious traditions, food preferences, architecture, and/or shared history.
New cards
7
Culture Region
A geographic region that is characterized by a predominantly uniform culture.
New cards
8
Cultural Convergence
The process of two or more cultures coming into contact with each other and adopting each other’s traits to become more alike.
New cards
9
Cultural Divergence
Cultures become less alike due to both cultural and physical barriers. The process of a culture restricting contact with other cultures in an attempt to retain its originality.
New cards
10
Cultural Landscape
Natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values.
New cards
11
Nonmaterial culture
Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched
New cards
12
Habit
Repetitive acts of individuals.
New cards
13
Custom
Repetitive acts of groups.
New cards
14
Folk Culture
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.
New cards
15
Popular Culture
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
New cards
16
Globalization
Actions of processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
New cards
17
Independent (parallel) invention/innovation
Innovations developed in two or more unconnected hearths by individuals of groups acting independently.
New cards
18
Mentifact
The ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture.
New cards
19
Sequent Occupance
The idea that societies or cultural groups leave their cultural imprints when they live in a place, each contributing to the overall cultural landscape over time.
New cards
20
Sociofact
The ways in which a society behaves and organizes institutions.
New cards
21
Syncretism
When two cultures blend together and form a new cultural trait.
New cards
22
Taboo
A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.
New cards
23
Terroir
The contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.
New cards
24
Uniform Landscape
Loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next or does not inspire any strong emotional or cultural ties.
New cards
25
Language
A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
New cards
26
Creole (Creolized)
A language that results from mixing a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
New cards
27
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
New cards
28
Extinct Language
A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
New cards
29
Ideogram
System of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a sound
New cards
30
Isogloss
A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions.
New cards
31
Isolated Language
A language that is unrelated to any other language and therefore not attached to any language family
New cards
32
Language Branch
A collection of languages related by a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago, derived from the same family.
New cards
33
Language Group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display few differences in grammar and vocabulary
New cards
34
Language Family
A collection of languages related by a common ancestor long before recorded history
New cards
35
Lingua Franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people with different native languages
New cards
36
Official Language
The language (s) adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents
New cards
37
Protolanguage
Language ancestral to several daughter languages.
New cards
38
Standard Language
The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
New cards
39
Vernacular
A language or dialect spoken by the common people of a region
New cards
40
Agnosticism
The view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.
New cards
41
Animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
New cards
42
Atheism
The belief that there is no God
New cards
43
Autonomous Religion
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
New cards
44
Caste
The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law
New cards
45
Cosmogony
A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.
New cards
46
Branch
A large and fundamental division within a religion.
New cards
47
Denomination
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal or administrative body
New cards
48
Ethnic Religion
A religion with a relatively concentrated special distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
New cards
49
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a region
New cards
50
Secularism
The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife, rejects religion.
New cards
51
Universalizing
A religion that claims global truth, applicability, and seeks the conversion of all human-kind.
New cards
52
Missionary
An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion
New cards
53
Monotheism
Belief system in which one Supreme Being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe; belief in one god.
New cards
54
Polytheism
Belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe; belief in multiple gods.
New cards
55
Pagan
A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.
New cards
56
Pilgrimage
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.
New cards
57
Sect
A relatively small group that was broken away from an established denomination
New cards
58
Hierarchical Religion
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
New cards
59
Interfaith Boundary
Boundaries between the world’s major faiths
New cards
60
Intrafaith Boundary
Boundaries within a single major faith
New cards
61
Centripetal
Characteristics that unify a country and provide stability.
New cards
62
Centrifugal
Characteristics that divide a country and create instability, conflict, and violence.
New cards
63
Assimilation
When one culture abandons their original culture and adopts another culture. Sometimes voluntary, other times forced.
Studied by 77 people
Note 
Flashcard (41)