“Oral cavity : ➢ Def: It is the inlet for the digestive system ➢Extensions: from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus ➢Subdivisions of the mouth: 1- Oral vestibule: The space between the lips and cheeks on one hand and the teeth and gums on the other 2-Mouth cavity proper: The space within the dental arches Boundaries: a. Roof: hard and soft palates. b. Floor: mylohyoid muscles and the tongue The oral cavity (mouth) Divides oven and pharyngeal caving I 30 o ➢ The lips are two fleshy folds that surround the oral orifice ➢ Covered on the outside by skin and are lined on the inside by mucous membrane. ➢ Contents: ✓ Muscles : Mainly The orbicularis oris muscle ✓ Labial blood vessels and nerves, ✓ Connective tissue, ✓ Small salivary glands. The lips on Iet ➢ Def:- Mass of striated muscles covered with the mucous membrane -Divided into right and left halves by a median septum ➢ Parts: 1. Oral part (anterior ⅔):triangular in shape with apex of the tongue 2. Pharyngeal part (posterior ⅓): directed backwards 3. Root (base):attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone The tongue i pas siw y y a mandible g It Is Hyoid bone ➢ Two surfaces: I. Dorsal surface :It is divided into two parts by the V-shaped sulcus terminalis. 1. Oral part (Anterior 2/3) : mucosa is rough and shows: filiform, fungiform, foliate and valllate papillae 2. Pharyngeal part (Posterior 1/3) : contain lymphatic nodules (lingual tonsils) II. Ventral (inferior): Smooth, it shows: ✓ Frenulum ✓ Deep lingual vein: Lateral to frenulum ✓ Fimbriated fold: a fold of mucosa lateral to lingual vein The tongue Papillaeserve toPurposes S taste to increase surface area of tons ➢ Muscles of the tongue I-Intrinsic : ➢ They originate and insert within the substance of the tongue, they are superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical. ➢ Function :They change the shape of the tongue, i.e. they shorten, flatten and broaden the tongue. II. Extrinsic ➢ Connect the tongue to the surrounding structures: the soft palate and the bones (mandible, hyoid bone, styloid process) ➢ Include: Palatoglossus, Genioglossus, Hyoglossus and Styloglossus ➢ Function: Help in movements of the tongue Movements of the tongue 1. Protrusion: Genioglossus on both sides acting together 2. Retraction: Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together 3. Depression: Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides acting together 4. Elevation: Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides acting together The tongue ASCII Muscles of the tongue The tongue I. Intrinsic muscles II. Extrinsic muscles the lounge Points to what side the stroke is O Blood Supply I. Arteries Lingual artery: -The main arterial supply of the tongue -Arise from the external carotid artery -Branches: 1. Dorsal lingual arteries: supply the root of the tongue 2. Deep lingual arteries: supply the body of the tongue 3. Sublingual arteries: supply the floor of the mouth and the sublingual glands II. Veins 1.Deep lingual veins :drains the anterior part of the tongue 2. Dorsal lingual vein: drains the posterior part of the tongue ➢the veins of the two sets join to form the lingual vein which ends in internal jugular veins The tongue The tongue Blood Supply The tongue Nerve Supply I. Sensory 1.Anterior ⅔: • General sensations: Lingual nerve • Special sensations : Chorda tympani 2. Posterior ⅓: General & special sensations: glossopharyngeal nerve 3. Base: General & special sensations: internal laryngeal nerve II. Motor Intrinsic muscles: Hypoglossal nerve Extrinsic muscles: All supplied by the hypoglossal nerve, except the palatoglossus (supplied by the vagus via pharyngeal plexus) Lymphatic drainage ✓Tip: Submental nodes bilaterally & then deep cervical nodes ✓Anterior two third: Submandibular unilaterally & then deep cervical nodes ✓Posterior third: Deep cervical nodes Posterior Ihastnervetreert Anteriorz has2nerves remembers min no The palate Parts: 1-Hard (bony) palate (anteriorly) 2-Soft (muscular) palate (posteriorly): ✓ formed of muscles covered by mucosa ✓ attached to the posterior border of the hard palate ➢ Uvula: Small projection that hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate LAB Soft palate ➢ Muscles of soft palate (5): ✓ Tensor palati (Tensor veli palatini) ✓ Levator palati (Levator veli palatini ) ✓ Palatoglossus ✓ Palatopharyngeus, ✓ Musculus uvulae Nerve Supply 1.Sensory supply: Maxillary nerve through : a-Greater palatine nerve b- Lesser palatine nerve c-Nasopalatine nerve 2. Motor supply: All muscles of the palate are innervated by vagus nerve [X] through pharyngeal plexus except for the tensor palati, which is innervated by the mandibular nerve Blood supply Arteries: 1-Branches of the maxillary artery: a. Greater palatine b. Lesser palatine c. Sphenopalatine 2-Ascending palatine artery 3-Ascending pharyngeal artery Veins: follow the arteries and drain into the pterygoid plexus of veins in the infratemporal fossa The palate INTRODUCTION Salivary glands: are composed of 3 major glands, in addition to minor glands. Major •2 Parotid glands. •2Submandibular glands •2Sublingual glands. Minor •Multiple minor glands The parotid gland ➢Size: It is the largest of the salivary glands ➢Site: It lies below the auricle, between ramus of mandible & mastoid process. overlap the masseter (anteriorly) and sternomastoid (posteriorly) ➢Parotid gland is enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia called the parotid capsule( fascia) ➢Shape: Pyramidal ➢Parts: 1-Main part 2-Accessory part: above parotid duct 3-Deep part ➢Parotid duct: ✓Emerges from anterior border of gland ✓Runs forwards, superficial to masseter ✓Termination: Pierces buccinator muscle to open into the vestibule of mouth, opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth The parotid gland STRUCTURES WITHIN THE PAROTID GLAND 1.Facial nerve & its five terminal branches 2.Retromandibular vein and its tributaries 3.External carotid artery and its terminal branches (superficial temporal & maxillary): deepest structure 4.Deep parotid lymph nodes: embedded within substance of the gland The parotid gland NERVE SUPPLY A-PARASYMPATHETIC: ➢Preganglionic fibers: run along the lesser petrosal nerve , branch of glossopharyngeal (9th cranial) ➢The fibers relay in the otic ganglion ➢Postganglionic fibers: reach the parotid gland along auriculotemporal nerve B-SYMPATHETIC: From postganglionic sympathetic fibers around external carotid artery C-Sensory : Auriculotemporal nerve. The parotid gland Submandibular Gland Site: It lies in submandublar fossa of mandible Parts: superficial and deep parts (divided by the mylohyoid muscle). ➢Superficial part: directly related submandibular fossa ➢Deep part: lies on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle. Submandibular duct ✓It emerges from the deep part of the gland. ✓It passes forward along the side of the tongue ✓It is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve. ✓It opens at the summit of sublingual papilla. Sublingual Gland Size: The smallest of the three major paired salivary glands Shape: Almond in shape Site: directly related to sublingual fossa of the mandible The sublingual gland drains into the oral cavity via numerous small ducts (minor sublingual ducts). . Superficial part of submandibular gland Deep part of submandibular gland Sublingual gland Submandibular and Sublingual Glands ➢ Nerve supply 1.Parasympathetic: from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani, and the submandibular ganglion 2.Sympathetic: From postganglionic sympathetic fibers around facial artery (for submandibular gland) &lingual artery (for sublingual gland) 3.Sensory: lingual nerve ➢ Blood supply: facial vessels (for submandibular gland) and lingual vessels( for sublingual glands ) Submandibular and Sublingual Glands Thank you”

“Oral cavity :

➢ Def: It is the inlet for the digestive system

➢Extensions: from the lips to the oropharyngeal

isthmus

➢Subdivisions of the mouth:

1- Oral vestibule: The space between the lips and

cheeks on one hand and the teeth and gums on the

other

2-Mouth cavity proper: The space within the dental

arches

Boundaries:

a. Roof: hard and soft palates.

b. Floor: mylohyoid muscles and the tongue

The oral cavity (mouth)

Divides oven and pharyngeal caving

I

30 o

➢ The lips are two fleshy folds that surround the oral orifice

➢ Covered on the outside by skin and are lined on the inside by mucous membrane.

➢ Contents:

✓ Muscles : Mainly The orbicularis oris muscle

✓ Labial blood vessels and nerves,

✓ Connective tissue,

✓ Small salivary glands.

The lips

on Iet

➢ Def:- Mass of striated muscles covered with the mucous membrane

-Divided into right and left halves by a median septum

➢ Parts:

1. Oral part (anterior ⅔):triangular in shape with apex of the tongue

2. Pharyngeal part (posterior ⅓): directed backwards

3. Root (base):attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone

The tongue

i

pas siw y y a

mandible

g It Is

Hyoid bone

➢ Two surfaces:

I. Dorsal surface :It is divided into two parts by the V-shaped sulcus terminalis.

1. Oral part (Anterior 2/3) : mucosa is rough and shows: filiform, fungiform, foliate and valllate papillae

2. Pharyngeal part (Posterior 1/3) : contain lymphatic nodules (lingual tonsils)

II. Ventral (inferior): Smooth, it shows:

✓ Frenulum

✓ Deep lingual vein: Lateral to frenulum

✓ Fimbriated fold: a fold of mucosa lateral to lingual vein

The tongue

Papillaeserve toPurposes S taste

to increase surface area of tons

➢ Muscles of the tongue

I-Intrinsic :

➢ They originate and insert within the substance of the tongue, they are superior longitudinal, Inferior

longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical.

➢ Function :They change the shape of the tongue, i.e. they shorten, flatten and broaden the tongue.

II. Extrinsic

➢ Connect the tongue to the surrounding structures: the soft palate and the bones (mandible, hyoid

bone, styloid process)

➢ Include: Palatoglossus, Genioglossus, Hyoglossus and Styloglossus

➢ Function: Help in movements of the tongue

Movements of the tongue

1. Protrusion: Genioglossus on both sides acting together

2. Retraction: Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together

3. Depression: Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides acting together

4. Elevation: Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides acting together

The tongue

ASCII

Muscles of the tongue

The tongue

I. Intrinsic muscles

II. Extrinsic muscles

the lounge Points to what side the stroke is

O

Blood Supply

I. Arteries

Lingual artery:

-The main arterial supply of the tongue

-Arise from the external carotid artery

-Branches:

1. Dorsal lingual arteries: supply the root of the tongue

2. Deep lingual arteries: supply the body of the tongue

3. Sublingual arteries: supply the floor of the mouth and the sublingual glands

II. Veins

1.Deep lingual veins :drains the anterior part of the tongue

2. Dorsal lingual vein: drains the posterior part of the tongue

➢the veins of the two sets join to form the lingual vein which ends in internal jugular veins

The tongue

The tongue

Blood Supply

The tongue

Nerve Supply

I. Sensory

1.Anterior ⅔:

• General sensations: Lingual nerve

• Special sensations : Chorda tympani

2. Posterior ⅓: General & special sensations:

glossopharyngeal nerve

3. Base: General & special sensations: internal

laryngeal nerve

II. Motor

Intrinsic muscles: Hypoglossal nerve

Extrinsic muscles: All supplied by the hypoglossal

nerve, except the palatoglossus (supplied by the

vagus via pharyngeal plexus)

Lymphatic drainage

✓Tip: Submental nodes bilaterally & then deep

cervical nodes

✓Anterior two third: Submandibular unilaterally

& then deep cervical nodes

✓Posterior third: Deep cervical nodes

Posterior

Ihastnervetreert

Anteriorz has2nerves remembers

min no

The palate

Parts:

1-Hard (bony) palate (anteriorly)

2-Soft (muscular) palate (posteriorly):

✓ formed of muscles covered by mucosa

✓ attached to the posterior border of the hard palate

➢ Uvula: Small projection that hangs from the

posterior margin of the soft palate

LAB

Soft palate

➢ Muscles of soft palate (5):

✓ Tensor palati (Tensor veli palatini)

✓ Levator palati (Levator veli palatini )

✓ Palatoglossus

✓ Palatopharyngeus,

✓ Musculus uvulae

Nerve Supply

1.Sensory supply: Maxillary nerve through :

a-Greater palatine nerve

b- Lesser palatine nerve

c-Nasopalatine nerve

2. Motor supply: All muscles of the palate are

innervated by vagus nerve [X] through pharyngeal

plexus except for the tensor palati, which is innervated

by the mandibular nerve

Blood supply

Arteries:

1-Branches of the maxillary artery:

a. Greater palatine b. Lesser palatine c. Sphenopalatine

2-Ascending palatine artery

3-Ascending pharyngeal artery

Veins: follow the arteries and drain into the pterygoid

plexus of veins in the infratemporal fossa

The palate

INTRODUCTION

Salivary glands:

are composed of 3 major

glands, in addition to minor

glands.

Major

•2 Parotid glands.

•2Submandibular glands

•2Sublingual glands.

Minor

•Multiple minor glands

The parotid gland

➢Size: It is the largest of the salivary glands

➢Site: It lies below the auricle, between ramus of mandible & mastoid process. overlap the

masseter (anteriorly) and sternomastoid (posteriorly)

➢Parotid gland is enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia called the parotid capsule( fascia)

➢Shape: Pyramidal

➢Parts: 1-Main part 2-Accessory part: above parotid duct 3-Deep part

➢Parotid duct:

✓Emerges from anterior border of gland

✓Runs forwards, superficial to masseter

✓Termination: Pierces buccinator muscle to open into the vestibule of mouth, opposite the

upper 2nd molar tooth

The parotid gland

STRUCTURES WITHIN THE PAROTID GLAND

1.Facial nerve & its five terminal branches

2.Retromandibular vein and its tributaries

3.External carotid artery and its terminal branches

(superficial temporal & maxillary): deepest structure

4.Deep parotid lymph nodes: embedded within

substance of the gland

The parotid gland

NERVE SUPPLY

A-PARASYMPATHETIC:

➢Preganglionic fibers: run along the lesser petrosal nerve , branch of glossopharyngeal (9th cranial)

➢The fibers relay in the otic ganglion

➢Postganglionic fibers: reach the parotid gland along auriculotemporal nerve

B-SYMPATHETIC: From postganglionic sympathetic fibers around external carotid artery

C-Sensory : Auriculotemporal nerve.

The parotid gland

Submandibular Gland

Site: It lies in submandublar fossa of mandible

Parts: superficial and deep parts (divided by the mylohyoid muscle).

➢Superficial part: directly related submandibular fossa

➢Deep part: lies on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle.

Submandibular duct

✓It emerges from the deep part of the gland.

✓It passes forward along the side of the tongue

✓It is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve.

✓It opens at the summit of sublingual papilla.

Sublingual Gland

Size: The smallest of the three major paired salivary glands

Shape: Almond in shape

Site: directly related to sublingual fossa of the mandible

The sublingual gland drains into the oral cavity via numerous small ducts (minor sublingual ducts).

.

Superficial part of submandibular

gland

Deep part of

submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

➢ Nerve supply

1.Parasympathetic: from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani, and the submandibular ganglion

2.Sympathetic: From postganglionic sympathetic fibers around facial artery (for submandibular

gland) &lingual artery (for sublingual gland)

3.Sensory: lingual nerve

➢ Blood supply: facial vessels (for submandibular gland) and lingual vessels( for sublingual

glands )

Submandibular and Sublingual Glands

Thank you”

T

T

E

W