Characteristics of Microorganisms

Genus

First name

Species

Second name

Bacterial Characteristics

is used to differentiate themselves from one another

nucleoid

single lone chromosome of dna

plasmid

ectrachromosomal dna

ribosome

synthesis of proteins

granules

starch, lipids, or iron

cytoplasmic membrane

entrance or exit of nutrient malts and watses

cytoplasmic membrane

maintains pressure

cytoplasmic membrane

synthesis of outer cell wall

cytoplasmic membrane

attachemnt of newly formed dna

mesosome

are mostly in Gr positive bacteria

mesosome

inward foldings of bacteria

mesosome

houses the hydroplytic enzyme

cell shape

protection from mechanical damage

Peptidoglycan

site of action of antimicrobial agents

Lysozyme

an enzyme that destroys bacteria

Lysozyme

it breaks the bond between peptidoglycan

Penicillin, Vancomycin, Cephalosporin (PVC)

prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis

ENDOTOXIN

lipopolysaccharide- protein

complex

ENDOTOXIN

can cause damage to nearby body cells

ENDOTOXIN

stimulate fever, inflammation, bone destruction,

bleeding and vomiting

capsule

slime layer/glycocalyx

capsule

gives protection from drying

capsule

Anti-phagocytic

capsule

are hard to engulf and destroy

fimbriae

Determines virulence property

fimbriae

Strep throat, gonorrhea, dental plaque

Endospores

Protection against adverse condition

Endospores

One of the most resistant forms of life against

heat, drying and chemicals

pH range of 5.5 to 8.5

Most bacteria that survive in the human body grow over a ___

ph 7.0

optomal ph growth of bacteria

ACIDOGENIC

bacteria that produce

acids during growth

ACIDURIC

those that survive and grow

in acidic environment

Bacteriostatic

a chemical agent that interferes

with cell division

virus

Smaller than bacteria

virus

Basic structure:

• Nucleic acid core (DNA/RNA)

• Capsid

• Envelope

virus

must use nutrients and

metabolic machinery of living cells to

multiply

LATENT

Resting state

LATENT

Usually does not cause any noticeable

symptoms and can last long periods of time

before becoming active

CHRONIC

Symptoms are often unrecognized

CHRONIC

Hep B

SLOW

Virus replicates slowly, causes recognizable

damage after several years

human

papillomavirus

causes warts

warts

caused by human

papillomavirus

exposure to heat or chemicals.

Viruses can be killed outside the body by ____

oral candidiasis

thrush or denture stomatitis

oral candidiasis

In dentistry, the most important fungal

infection is

oral candidiasis

Infection is caused by fungus, Candida

albicans

candida albicans

cause of oral candidiasis (thrush or denture

stomatitis

oral candidiasis

May also cause skin infection or

vaginal infection

oral candidiasis

Opportunistic pathogen

psychrophilic bacterium

Grows best at cold temperatures such as those in a refrigirator.

Nucleoid

this organelle is where DNA is housed

attachment

1st step of virus infection

genetic material

When a virus invades a living cell, its ___

takes over the cell's functions.

ACIDOGENIC

Bacteria that make acids are called:

spore

a special form of bacterium that is dormant and highly resistant to heat and chemicals is a

capsule

Bacterial structure that inhibits phagocytosis and allows bacteria to escape death cause by white blood cells

virus

A tiny non-living particle that invades and then multiplies inside of a living cell is called a:

fungus

candida albicans is a

pilli

Small protrusions of cell membrane around the outside of the bacterial cell that allow bacteria to attach to one another, and share DNA.

cell membrane

Which cell part is the thin, flexible covering of a cell that is semi-permeable?

host cell

what do viruses need to reproduce?

flagella

Whip-like tail that allows bacteria to move

binary fusion

Bacterial cells reproduce by this process

cell wall

Layer outside the cell membrane that gives the bacterial cell a solid shape.