PSYC 245: Ch 2, Basic Research Methods

What is contiguity?

contiguity: closeness

close: “count”

what is temporal contiguity?

events close in TIME

what is spatial contiguity?

events close in SPACE

what is contingency?

one beh. precedes the next

what are functional and causal relations?

relation of change b/w IV and DV

what is a stimulus?

ex: dog barking nonstop

BEH INFLU

what is response?

ex: neighbors calling cops bc of loud dog

BEH INSTANCE

what is covert beh?

beh you can’t see

what is overt beh?

you can observe/see it

what is an appetitive stimulus?

pleasant; drawn toward it

What is an aversive stimulus?

unpleasant; avoid it

what is an established operation?

deprived

what is abolished operation?

satiate (appetite: full)

what is a rate of response?

frequency

what is intensity?

force

ex: how hard someone cries when talking/thinking about their break up

what is duration?

how long a beh is REPEATEDLY performed

what is speed?

how long it takes to enact/do a beh

what is latency?

“late” latency, don’t wanna be late - when it BEGINS

what is the # of errors?

how many mistakes

what are the problems and reactivity of a single comparison subject design?

AB design

• problem: other stressors present w treatment

• reactivity: subject response

what are the strengths and problems with a reversal subject design?

ABAB

• strengths: replicable; 1 person, no stats

  • problem: baseline not returned to

what are multiple baseline subject designs?

across

• Persons: multiple people at 1 time

• behaviors: different behs at different times

  • settings: different settings at different times

what are the advantages and disadvantages of animal research?

• advantages: controlling—genetic makeup, learning history, environ.

• disadvantages: ethical to stop treatments?, limited human application, animal rights/guidelines