Anatomy & Physiology for Sports Med

What is the integumentary system and give an example of it

Regulates bodily levels

Exp: skin

What is the skeletal system and give an example of it

provides structural support for the body

Exp: bones, ligaments, joints

What is the muscular system and give an example of it

allows for movement, maintains posture, generates heat

exp: quadriceps, hamstrings

What is the nervous system and give an example of it

controls body activities with electrical signals and processes information

exp: brain, spinal chord

What is the endocrine system and give an example of it

produces hormones

exp: anything that ends with gland, pancres

What is the cardiovascular system and give an example of it

transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste

exp: heart, blood

What is the lymphatic system and give an example of it

defends against infection, made up of fluid

exp: lymph nodes, spleen

What is the respiratory system and give an example of it

exchanges oxygen and CO2 to allow for breathing

exp: lungs, diaphragm

What is the digestive system and give an example of it

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste

exp: stomach, intestines

What is the urinary system and give an example of it

removes waste, regulates water and pH balance

exp: kidneys, bladder urinary tract

what does -itis mean

inflammation

what does -logy mean

the study of a certain subject

what does -algia mean

pain

what does arthr- mean

joint

what does myo- mean

muscle

what does neuro- mean

anything to do with the nervous system

what does hyper- mean

excessive, or above normal

what does hypo- mean

low, below normal

what does brady- mean

slow

what does tachy- mean

fast, rapid

what is the difference between acute and chronic

acute: macrotrauma, quick onset, tramatic

chronic: microtrauma, occurs over time, longer developing

what is the difference between sprain and strain

sprain: acute injury where there is damage to a ligament or joint

strain: acute injury where a muscle is overstretched or forced to contract against high loads or heavy resistance

what is the difference between dislocation and subluxation

dislocation: at least one bone in a joint is forced completely out of its alignment

subluxation: when at least one bone in a joint is forced completely out of its alignment but then goes back into place without having to be reduced

what is the difference between a contusion and ecchymosis

contusion: bruising, resulting from soft tissues being compressed against hard bone underneath

ecchymosis: discoloration of the skin caused by blood leaking from damaged blood vessles

what is palpation

a type of physical examination that involves pressing on the surface of the body

what is a fracture

broke bones that occur as a result of extreme stresses and strains placed on bones

what is edema

localized swelling

action of biceps brachii

elbow flexion

action of triceps brachii

extension of the shoulder

action of the deltoid

flexion and rotation of the humerus

action of pectoralis major

abduction of humerus

action of rectus abdominis

compresses the abdominopelvic cavity (doing crunches)

action of the quadriceps

knee extension

action of the hamstrings

knee flexion

action of the gastrocnemius

plantar flexion

action of the glutes

abducts/ medially/laterally rotates hip

action of the latissimus dorsi

abduction of the humerus

what is an atom

that basic unit of a chemical element

what is a molecule

a group of atoms bonded together

what is a cell

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

what is a tissue

a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

what is an organ

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function

what is an organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function for an organism

what is an organism

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life from

what is the nucleus

acts as the cell’s brain, housing and protecting the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

what is the mitochondria

acts as the powerhouse of the cell, generating energy in the form of atp

what is the ribosomes

where protein synthesis occurs

what is the ER

functions as a cellular factory and transport systen, responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins and lipids

what is the Golgi apparatus

processing and packaging proteins and lipids, preparing them for transport

what is the cell membrane

acts as a selective barrier, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell

what is a lysosome

acts as the cell’s. digestive an waste disposal system, breaks down and recycles macromolecules, ect.

what is a cytoplasm

acts as the cell’s structure

what are carbs

good source of energy

what are proteins

help to build and repair tissue

what are lipids

source of storing energy

what are nucleic acids

store and transmit genetic info