Theory in Criminal Justice Test #2

This is for the Theory in Criminal Justice 2025 spring 2025 class.

Individuals may engage in deviant or criminal behavior as a form of rebellion against perceived injustices, inequalities, or constraints imposed by authority figures or social institutions is known as_____

Defiance Theory

The key principle of reintegrative shaming is to distinguish between the act and the actor, condemning the behavior while expressing support for the individual’s potential for change and reintegration into society.

True

The use of social disapproval for deviant acts while simultaneously offering pathways for reintegration into the community and aims to maintain social bonds and facilitate the rehabilitation of individuals who have committed offenses is…?

Reintegrative Shaming

The ____ falls under the umbrella of the classical theory in that it explains the best way to prevent crime is to use punishments that act as a future deterrent.

Deterence Theory

____ is a concept within sociology and criminology that posits that individuals become deviant when labeled as such by society.

Labeling theory

Edwin Sutherland defines ___ as a crime that is committed by professionals or businessmen of the upper or white collar class.

White Collar Crime

Poverty is often associated with lower rates of crime.

False

___ may contribute to the types of crimes individuals are more likely to commit because societal expectations and norms can influence behavior.

Traditional Gender Roles

Which of the following is NOT one of the four conditions of Defiance

The offender is ordered to pay restitution

Which of the following is NOT an example of white-collar crime

Murder

Which of the following is NOT associated with labeling theory?

Acceptance

What theory assumes that offenders are “rational decision makers” and commit crimes to pursue their own self-interest?

Rational Choice Theory

Gender bias in law enforcement and reporting may also impact crime statistics.

True

Economic conditions can influence the availability of criminal opportunities within a given society

True

The _____ states that you must have a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian in order for a crime to occur.

Routine Activity Theory

Routine Activity Theory (Know this very well)

Routine activity theory in criminal justice is a theory that explains crime as a function of everyday activities and the opportunities they create for criminal behavior. According to this theory, crime occurs when three elements converge: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardianship. This theory emphasizes the importance of situational factors in understanding crime patterns and trends, focusing on specific crime events and offender behavior/decisions.

Have a response in mind to write for this.