Muscle Tonus and Strength Evaluation Flashcards

Flashcards covering muscle tonus, strength evaluation, and specific muscle functions.

What are the two clinical types of muscle tonus?

Hipertonusas and hipotonusas.

What are the three types of Hypertonus?

Spasticity, rigidity, or spasm.

How does Rigidity manifest in muscles?

Increased resistance to all movements, making body parts immobile.

What is a muscle spasm?

Involuntary, sudden contraction in specific muscle groups.

What is muscle spasticity?

Increased resistance to sudden passive movement.

How is hypotonia described?

Muscle softness.

What factors can change muscle tonus?

Anger and stress, movements and significant efforts, medications and CNS state.

What are the non-instrumental methods to assess muscle tonus?

Clinical method (palpation), Ashworth scale, and Shurtleff scale.

What does the Ashworth scale assess?

Evaluates resistance to passive movement in a joint.

What is the instrumental method for examining muscle tonus?

Miotonometry.

What is Miotonometry?

Non-invasive method to evaluate viscoelastic muscle properties.

What are some Instrumental ways to evaluate muscle strength?

Dynamometry, Isokinetic dynamometer, Isometric dynamometer.

What is a non-instrumental method of evaluating muscle strength?

Manual muscle strength testing.

Why is muscle strength testing performed?

To evaluate their condition and select an adequate physical load.

What system is used for muscle strength assessment?

Classic five-point system (Lovett method).

Which muscles are responsible for Scapular elevation?

Levator scapulae and trapezius (upper part).

Which muscle is responsible for Scapular depression?

Trapezius (lower part).

Which muscles are responsible for Scapular adduction?

Trapezius (middle part) and rhomboideus.

Which muscle is responsible for Scapular abduction?

Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor.

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral flexion to 90 degrees?

Deltoideus (anterior part), pectoralis major, biceps brachii.

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral extension?

Deltoideus (posterior part), latissimus dorsi, teres major.

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral abduction?

Deltoideus (middle part) and supraspinatus..

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral horizontal adduction?

Pectoralis major and deltoideus (clavicular part).

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral external rotation?

Infraspinatus and teres minor.

Which muscles are responsible for Glenohumeral internal rotation?

Subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major.

Which muscles are responsible for Elbow flexion?

Biceps brachii (when the forearm is supinated) and brachialis.

Which muscles are responsible for Elbow extension?

Triceps and anconeus.

Which muscles are responsible for Forearm supination?

Biceps and supinator.

Which muscles are responsible for Forearm pronation?

Pronator quadratus and pronator teres.

Which muscles are responsible for Wrist extension?

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

Which muscles are responsible for Wrist flexion?

Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis.

Which muscles are responsible for Finger extension?

Extensor digitorum communis, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor digiti indicis.

Which muscles are responsible for Finger flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

Lumbricales, dorsal interossei, and palmar interossei.

Which muscles are responsible for Finger flexion at the interphalangeal joints?

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis.

Which muscles are responsible for Finger abduction?

Dorsal interossei and abductor digiti minimi.

Which muscles are responsible for Finger adduction?

Palmar interossei.

Which muscles are responsible for Thumb extension?

Extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

Which muscles are responsible for Thumb flexion?

Flexor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis longus.

Which muscles are responsible for Thumb abduction?

Abductor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus.

Which muscle is responsible for Thumb adduction?

Adductor pollicis.

Which muscles are responsible for Thumb opposition?

Opponens digiti minimi and opponens pollicis.