FULL - Muscular System Unit Review - Unit 5 - Medical Terminology

This set is roughly the FULL information on the Muscular System.

ambul/o

to walk or move about

articul/o

joint

brachi/o

arm

card/o, cardi/o

heart

dextr/o

to the right

duct/o

to lead; to carry

electr/o

electricity

fasci/o

fibrous band; fascia

fibr/o

fiber

flex/o

to bend

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

lei/o

smooth

muscul/o

muscle

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myocardi/o

heart muscle

neur/o

nerve

orth/o

straight; normal

ped/o

child; foot

plant/o

sole of the foot

radi/o

X-rays

rhabd/o

rod-shaped

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

son/o

sound

tax/o, taxi/o

coordination; order

ten/o, tendin/o, tendon/o

tendon

tens/o

stretched; strained

therm/o

hot; heat

ton/o

tone; tension

vers/o

turn; turning

a-, an-

not; without

ab-

away; away from

ad-

toward

ambi-

both sides

ante-

before

bi-

two; both

brady-

slow

circum-

around

dorsi-

back

dys-

painful; difficult

e-, ex-

out; away from

hemi-

half

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

in-

in; into; not

par-, para-

near; beside; alongside; beyond; abnormal

quadri-

four

semi-

half

tachy-

fast

tri-

three

-ac, -al, -ar, -ic

pertaining to

-algia, -dynia

pain

-asthenia

weakness

-cele

hernia; swelling; protrusion

-ceps

heads (attachments)

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-esthesia

sensation

-gram

record; image

-graphy

process of recording

-ia, -ion

condition; process; state

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-lysis

breakdown; separation; loosening

-malacia

softening

-oma

tumor; mass

-paresis, -plegia

weakness or paralysis

-plegic

pertaining to paralysis

-penia

deficiency

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhexis

rupture

-scope

instrument used to view

-scopy

visual examination using a scope

-tomy

process of cutting; incision

-tonia

tone; tension

-trophy

condition of growth or development

Automaticity

Ability to contract without nerve involvement; seen in visceral, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Contractility

Ability to contract (shorten); example: biceps contracting when arm flexes.

Elasticity

Ability to return to resting length after being stretched; example: a spring returning to original shape.

Excitability

Ability to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting; example: heart responding to nerve signals.

Extensibility

Ability to be stretched; example: hamstrings/calf muscles during a toe touch.

Endomysium

Fine sheath of connective tissue around each muscle fiber; contains loosely woven fibers and many blood vessels.

Perimysium

Connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.

Fascicles

Bundles of muscle fibers.

Epimysium

Dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.

Fascia

Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles into functional groups and surrounds other structures like bones, nerves, and blood vessels.

Abduction

Movement of a body part away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement of a body part toward the midline.

Circumduction

Circular rotation of a limb, like “drawing a circle” with it.

Depression

Lowering of a body part.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the sole of the foot upward toward the lower leg.

Elevation

Raising of a body part.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Extension

Straightening a limb after it has been flexed.

Flexion

Bending movement that brings two body surfaces toward each other.

Hyperextension

Bending a joint or limb beyond its normal range of motion.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Plantar Flexion

Moving the sole of the foot downward or away from the midline.

Pronation

Rotating the forearm so the palm faces downward.

Protraction

Moving a body part forward, away from the spine (e.g., shoulder blades).

Retraction

Moving a body part backward, toward the spine (e.g., shoulder blades).

Rotation

Movement of a body part around its longitudinal (lengthwise) axis.