AP Euro - Unit 6.3 - Second Wave Industrialization

Krupp Family

Manufactured weapons and dominated the steel industry

Manchester, England

First real industrial city built for industry with an increased standard of living

Technology

1. Electricity for communication

2. Chemical Engineering for improved materials for manufacturing (eg. rubber)

3. Railroads for transportation

4. Internal combustion engine (with gasoline)

Samuel Morse

Invented the telegraph and morse code for communication

Combustion Engine examples

• Tractors for farming

• Automobiles

Henry Ford

Established an automobile manufacturing site at Manchester and mass-produced cars

Consumerism

Increased demand for consumer goods

• Advertising industry rose

• Department stores rose

Long Depression

• Scarcity of money due to wars and great demands

• Banks refused to loan to investors

• Unemployment increased

Responses

• Corporations: attempted creations of monopolies

• Government: protective tariffs (→ led to free trade agreements)

Prussia

• Had lots of coal and iron

• Built railroads and factories

Zollverein Agreement

Established by Prussia, this lowered barriers to trade and united the German states economically

National System

Established by Friedrich List, this imposed tariffs on imported goods for the Germans to compete with the British when they caught up with their manufacturing