Sports mid

Ancient Olympics

a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of ancient Greece. Boxing, pentathlon, equestrian events

Egyptian Sports

• Played something similar to field hockey

• Something similar to hand ball

• Archery

• Gymnastics

• Javelin throws

• Fishing

• Boxing

• Weight lifting

• High jump

Gladiators

Average age was 18-25 and they typically died in that frame too bc they typically didn’t last more than a couple fights. One constant across all roman history. Entertainment at its core. Most competitors were slaves, forced and trained to do this

Harpastum

• Most popular game in rome, played by everyone from the common man to gladiators

• Ancient version of rugby and similar games apparently

• Romans called it the small game, small ball game, etc bc there were 4 ball sized of ball and they used the smallest of the four

Jousting

Most popular, even kings would get involved

Mesoamerican Ballgame

• Most popular

• Coincides with festivals and rituals

• Believed to be over 3000 years old

Ulama

• Modernized version of mesoamerican ballgame

• Played mostly by indigenous people of central america

• Three types

  • Hip played with 5 or more.  Ball can be 7-9 pounds

  • Forearm with a lighter ball, mostly played by women

Stickball

• Known as little brother of war

• Lacrosse directly descends from this

• Could be upwards of a thousand people playing at one time

Chunkey

• Popular in the mississippi river area

• Sometimes a two person, sometimes a team sport

• Rolled a disc or threw a spear to get as close to the specified stone

• Lot of gambling

Shinny

Form of hockey

Book / Declaration of Sports

The Declaration of Sports (also known as the Book of Sports) was a declaration of James I of England issued just for Lancashire in 1617, nationally in 1618, and reissued by Charles I in 1633. It listed the sports and recreations that were permitted on Sundays and other holy days.

Puritans

Puritans largely disapproved of most forms of entertainment, viewing sports as a waste of time, a distraction from work, and a source of idleness and vice. They condemned blood sports like bear-baiting, ball games due to the risk of injury and gambling, and activities on the Sabbath that distracted from religious observance. However, they approved of productive physical activities like hunting, fishing, and shooting, which promoted civic virtue or provided food. 

Mendoza Rules

"Mendoza rules" can refer to a 1984 Supreme Court case (I.N.S. v. Lopez-Mendoza) that held the exclusionary rule does not apply in deportation hearings, the "Mendoza Line" in baseball, which is a .200 batting average.

Tom Molineaux 

American bare-knuckle boxer and possibly a former slave. He spent much of his career in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, where he had notable successes.  

"Bees"

Abner Doubleday

In 1908, 15 years after his death, the Mills Commission declared that Doubleday had invented the game of baseball, although Doubleday never made such a claim. This claim has been thoroughly debunked by baseball historians

National Association of Base Ball Players

the first formal governing body for baseball, founded in 1857 as an amateur organization that grew to include hundreds of clubs by the late 1860s. Despite its amateur origins, unofficial payments to players became common, leading to the NABBP officially allowing professional clubs in 1869. The association eventually dissolved when the strongest professional teams seceded to form the rival National League in 1876

Moses Walker

American professional baseball catcher credited with being the first black man to play major league baseball

Black Sox

a game-fixing scandal in Major League Baseball (MLB) in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of intentionally losing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for payment from a gambling syndicate, possibly led by organized crime figure Arnold Rothstein.

Walter Camp

an American college football player and coach, and sports writer known as the "Father of American Football". Among a long list of inventions, he created the sport's line of scrimmage and the system of downs

Intercollegiate Football Association

one of the earliest college football rules-making and scheduling organizations in existence; it was active from the 1873 to 1893 seasons. The IFA teams, Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, are now members of the Ivy League.

NCAA

The NCAA dates its formation to two White House conferences convened by President Theodore Roosevelt in the early 20th century in response to repeated injuries and deaths in college football which had "prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport."

APFA

league elected Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams intended to "raise the standard of professional football in every way possible, to eliminate bidding for players between rival clubs and to secure cooperation in the formation of schedules"

James Naismith

While originally developing the game of basketball in Canada, after moving to the United States, he wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program in 1898

Jack Johnson

nicknamed the "Galveston Giant", was an American boxer who, at the height of the Jim Crow era, became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion

Joe Walcott

an American professional boxer who competed from 1930 to 1953. He held the New York State Athletic Commission (NYSAC), National Boxing Association (NBA), and The Ring heavyweight titles from 1951 to 1952, and broke the record for the oldest man to win the title, at the age of 37

Joe Choynski

"Chrysanthemum Joe", the son of a Jewish Polish immigrant who settled in California in 1867, weighed no more than 176 lb (80 kg) throughout his career but regularly fought heavyweights. He was considered a heavy puncher and a dangerous fighter.

James Jeffries

was an American professional boxer and world heavyweight champion from 1899 until his initial retirement in 1905

Tommy Burns

Burns took on all challengers as Heavyweight Champion, leading to his legendary bout with the African American Jack Johnson. a Canadian professional boxer. He remains the only Canadian-born fighter to win the World Heavyweight Championship and is the shortest champion in the division's history

Mann Act

the act made it a felony to engage in interstate or foreign commerce transport of "any woman or girl for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose". Its primary stated intent was to address prostitution, immorality, and human trafficking, particularly where trafficking was for the purposes of prostitution

Joe Louis

He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938

John Roxborough

an American bookmaker, boxing manager and professional sports gambler who, alongside boxing promoter Julian Black, managed the career of Joe Louis.

Max Schmeling

a German boxer who was heavyweight champion of the world between 1930 and 1932. His two fights with Joe Louis in 1936 and 1938 were worldwide cultural events because of their national associations.  Endorsed by hitler