YR 10 Genetics Terminology: Key Definitions for Alleles, Dominance, and Inheritance

Alleles

Alternate forms of genes

Dominant

The allele that gets expressed even in heterozygous condition

Genetics

Study of genes and inheritance

Genetic Engineering

Manipulation of genetic information using modern technology and human intervention.

Genotype

The combination of alleles per trait

Heterozygous

Different forms of alleles for traits in an organism

Homozygous

Same form of alleles for traits in an organism

Incomplete Dominance

Not completely dominant or recessive; expresses as a gradient phenotype

Karyotype

Chromosomes arranged according to size and band patterns

Monohybrid Cross

Cross between two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait. Ie The cross between two monohybrid traits (TT and tt)

Mutation

Permanent change in the genetic information

Pedigree

A diagrammatic representation of lineage and individual descent

Phenotype

Physical representation of the allelic combination

Recessive

The allele that can be expressed only when homozygous

Sex linkage

Genes present on the sex chromosome, hence, inheritance pattern linked with them