Lab 6 exercise 11 Activities 1-5

Joints and Joint movements

Fibrous Joint

• Fibrous connective tissue with strong collagen fibers that hold the joint together

Fibrous Joint examples

Skull Sutures, Tooth joint (tooth to jaw)

Cartilaginous Joints

• hyaline or fibrous cartilage connecting bones

Cartilaginous Joint Examples

• pubic symphysis

• intervertebral discs

Synovial Joints

• Small Cavity between 2 bones filled with synovial fluid to provide lubrication and more movement between the bones

Synovial Joint Examples

Synarthoses Joint

• Immovable joint

Synarthroses Joint examples

• skull sutures

• Tooth joint

Amphiarthroses joint

• slightly movable joints

Amphiarthroses joint examples

• Pubic Symphysis

• intervertebral discs

Diarthroses Joints examples

• Shoulder (ball + socket)

• elbow (hinge)

• wrist (Condyloid/gliding)

• thumb (saddle)

Diarthroses Joint

• Freely movable joints

1

Femur articular cartilage

2

Lateral Collateral Ligament

3

Lateral Meniscus

4

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

5

Anterior Cruciate ligament

6

Medial Meniscus

7

Medial Collateral Ligament

Flexion (1,3,5,8,10,12)

Decrease in angle between bones of a joint, (saggital plane)

Extension (2,4,6,7,9,11)

Increase in angle between bones of a joint, restores to anatomical position

Abduction (1, 4, 8, 9)

Move appendage away from midline

Adduction (2, 5, 7, 10)

Move appendage towards midline

Circumduction (3, 6)

Move a distal part of an appendage in a circle

Lateral (2), Medial (3), Rotation (1)

Turn on a Pivot with a circle

Elevation (1)

Upward movement raising body part vertically

Depression (2)

Downward movement lowering body part vertically

Protraction (3)

move body part forward/anterior on a horizontal plane

Retraction (4)

move a body part backward/posterior on a horizontal plane

Supination (6)

• Palm of hand turned to face forward

• arm is outstretched —> turn palm forward

Pronation (5)

• Palm of hand turned to face backwards

• arm is outstretched —> turn palm downward

Inversion

1

Eversion

2

Dorsiflexion

3

Plantar Flexion

4

Planar

• flat or slightly curved surface

• Gliding motion back + forth and/or side to side

• acromioclavicular joint

Hinge

• Convex bone surface articulates with concave bone surface

• Flexion + extension

• elbow, knee, ankle, jaw

Pivot

• Rounded/Pointed projection articulates with ring formed by bone and ligament

• Rotation

• Atlas + Axis, forearm

Condyloid

• Oval Convex projection articulates with oval concave depression

• Flexion, Extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

• Wrist, knuckles, jaw, toes

Saddle

• Saddle shaped depression articulates with projection that fits into saddle

• More exaggerated flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

• Thumb, Sternoclavicular joint

Ball and scoket

• Ball shaped head articulates with cup shaped socket

• Freely movable

• Shoulder, hip