TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) Economics & Science, Tech and Soc Competency 022

Pythagorean Theorem

a2 + b2 = c2 and is the geometric relation of the three sides of a triangle

Pythagoras

Credited with developing the theory of the relation among the three sides of a triangle.

Euclid

Greek mathematician known as the father of Geometry

Elements

Euclid's book _____ is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics

Archimedes

This Greek is regarded as the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time

Archimedes

He proved a range of geometrical theorems to include the area of a circle, surface area, volume of a sphere and the area under a parabola.

Archimedes

He is credited with designing the screw pump and compound pulleys

Archimedes

He founded hydrostatics and statics and was able to explain the principle of the lever.

Hippocrates

Regarded as the father of western medicine and founded an intellectual school that revolutionized medicine

Hippocrates

He coined the Hippocratic Oath and advanced the study of clinical medicine

Aristotle

He was tutor to Alexander the Great which gave him many opportunities such as establishing a library at Lyceum

Aristotle

His writings constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy.

Aristotle

Greek philosopher and scientist who joined Plato's academy writing on many subjects such as physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, politics and government

Ptolemy

he was a mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer who is best known for his geocentric model of Earth at the orbital center of all celestial bodies.

Romans

Their major contribution, government not withstanding, were advances in engineering and architecture.

Romans

They designed the arch and the dome allowing for larger structures to be built.

Aqueducts

Romans successfully routed water from mountains and into cities using _____.

Industrial Revolution

This was the transition to new manufacturing processes moving from hand production methods to machines with the use of water, coal and steam power

Jethro Tull

He invented a seed drill to assist in planting crops

James Watt

He invented the steam engine that would be the major power source of the industrial revolution and developed the concept of horsepower and the unit of Power; the watt, was named after him.

James Watt

This mechanical engineer was responsible for improvements to the steam engine and developed a reciprocating engine capable of powering a wheel and through vast improvements patented a design for steam locomotive

Richard Trevithick

He built the first full scale working steam locomotive using high pressure steam to drive an engine in the United Kingdom.

Robert Fulton

Widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat, torpedoes and the first practical submarine

James Hargreaves

Credited with developing the spinning jenny and was a key development in the industrialization of weaving.

Spinning Jenny

This reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn with a worker able to work 8 or more spools at once later growing to 120.

Edmund Cartwright

The first power loom was designed by _____ _____

Scientific Revolution

Copernicus

He was the first to detail the heliocentric, or sun centered, view of the universe

Galileo

He was accused of heresy for championing heliocentric view of the universe.

Galileo

He is known as the father of observational astronomy

Galileo

He was able to confirm the phases of Venus, discovery of 4 of Jupiter's satellites and the observation of sunspots.

Newton

He ushered in the age of physics with his discovery of gravity and the development of calculus eliminating any doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the Solar System.

First Law of Motion

Newton's _____ _____ _____ inertia which states that an object in motion will stay in motion

William Harvey

He was the first to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart

Marie Curie

Her achievements include the theory of radioactivity, a term she coined, techniques for isolating isotopes and the discovery of polonium and radium.

Marie Curie

She was instrumental in developing advances in x-ray devices.

Einstein

He was a theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity which fundamentally changed physics.

Einstein

He won a Nobel prize for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

Mass energy equivalence

This formula was developed by Einstein and is known as the most famous equation and is a concept that the mass of an object or system is a measure of its energy content.

Mayans

This Native American tribe had an advanced writing system and one of history's most advanced calendars and knowledge of planets and engineering abilities to build pyramids.

Aztecs

This Native American tribe had an advanced calendar and writing system and the unique ability to drain lakes and swamps to allow for building.

Chinese Dynasties

They had many advances in math and science and included textbooks on zoology, botany and chemistry,and had accurate astronomy based clocks and calendars

Chinese Dynasties

This culture was responsible for inventing paper, rudders for ships, fishing reel, wheelbarrow and gunpowder.

Ibn Sina

He wrote the Book of Healing which is a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia and the Canon of Medicine which is a medical encyclopedia that became standard medical text in universities as late as 1650

Islamic Caliphates

They improved upon Roman arches and domes that enabled them to build massive structures.

Al-Khwarizimi

He introduced the decimal positional number to the Western world and presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations in Arabic.

Al-Khwarizimi

Renaissance Europe considered him to be the original inventor of algebra though later it was shown his work was based on Indian or Greek sources.

Islamic Caliphates

They were able to calculate the circumference of the earth and studied ellipses and the rotation of planets.

Islamic Caliphates

They developed a system of tests for doctors to pass and treatment for cataracts.

Edison

He was an American inventor who developed the phonograph.

Edison

He was an American inventor who developed the light bulb.

Edison

He was an American inventor who developed the motion picture camera

Bessemer Process

A steel making process that involves blowing O2 (nitrogen?) through pig iron to remove impurities making steel easier and quicker to manufacture revolutionizing structural engineering and the construction of skyscrapers and railroads.

Henry Bessemer

An English inventor who perfected a steel making process which in turn established the town of Sheffield as a major manufacturing center.

Cotton Gin

This machine quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds allowing much greater productivity than manual separation. This lead to an influx of slavery in the US as it was on the decline prior to this invention

Eli Whitney

The cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry and was an invented by _____ _____.

Electricity

Though this had been studied extensively, Thomas Edison pioneered this phenomenon after developing the light bulb. He went on to commercialize it by developing the utility to compete with the gas lighting utilities using DC current.

Westinghouse Electric

They developed transformers which made it possible to transmit AC current over very long distances over thinner and cheaper wires allowing electricity to be used in homes and businesses.

Alexander Graham Bell

In 1876, he was the first to be granted a US patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice

Marconi

He invented the radio or wireless telegraph and was first utilized by President Wilson

Farnsworth

He is credited with making many contributions that were crucial to the early development of all electric television

Benz

He is generally acknowledged as the inventor of the modern car.

Ford

He was the first to mass produce a car that was affordable to the masses