APUSH Period 2 Vocab

New Netherland

Established by the Dutch West India Company for quick profit and fur trade, it became a rival to England in the New World.

Jamestown

The first permanent British colony in the New World, established by the Virginia Company.

Chesapeake Bay

A colony created by George Calvert for English Catholics, leading to the Maryland Toleration Act due to tensions between Catholics and Protestants.

tobacco

A cash crop grown primarily in Virginia and Maryland and a major export crop for the colonies.

indentured servants

Primarily White English immigrants bound by a contract to work for a set period to repay the cost of traveling and living in Virginia.

New England

Established by Puritans seeking a new life after moving to the Netherlands, with support from the Virginia Company, and known for the Mayflower Compact.

Puritans

English individuals who sought to reform and purify the church, believing it wasn't reformed enough.

'city on a hill'

A vision held by Governor Winthrop and other founders of the Puritan colony, believing they were building a holy Commonwealth that the world should emulate.

middle colonies

Characterized by diverse populations and strong economies based on agriculture and trade, including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Town meetings

Local gatherings in New England where citizens discussed and voted on issues.

Colonial assemblies

Legislative bodies made up of elected representatives who created laws and made decisions in their regions.

Bacon's Rebellion

An uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia's Governor, stemming from perceived unfair treatment and land disputes.

King Philip's War

Conflict where Metacom and Native groups attempted to drive out the English, ultimately losing after allying with the Mohawks.

head right system

A land grant system in Virginia during the tobacco economy to attract new settlers by providing acres of land.

salutary neglect

An unofficial English policy to not strictly enforce trade laws, aiming to maintain Colonial loyalty to the crown.

Pueblo Revolt

An uprising by Native Americans in New Mexico to expel Spanish settlers.

Quakers

A religious group rejecting predestination and original sin, believing salvation was attainable.

Spanish missions

Religious communities established by Spanish colonizers to convert Native Americans to Christianity and control lands.

First Great Awakening

A religious revival that challenged existing traditions of power, allowing individuals to reform their personal relationships with God.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in Europe focused on scientific discoveries and promoting human reason.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasized accumulating wealth through trade and export to increase national power.

chattel slavery

A system where enslaved individuals were considered property and had no rights.

Navigation Acts

Legislation passed by British Parliament to restrict trade to English ships and impose high taxes.

triangle trade

A trade system in which rum and goods were sent from New England to Africa, enslaved individuals to the West Indies, and sugar and molasses back to New England.

middle passage

The long transatlantic journey that Africans endured to reach the Americas or Caribbean.

Stono rebellion

An uprising in South Carolina where enslaved individuals seized weapons and killed several white residents in an attempt to escape.