Industrialization and Imperialism Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Industrialization and Imperialism, providing definitions and significance for study and review.

Industrial Revolution

Privately owned property and businesses; goods acquired through competition; free-market economy.

Cottage Industry

A system of production in which goods are produced at home rather than in a factory.

Textile

A type of fabric or cloth; a key industry during the Industrial Revolution.

Agricultural Revolution

A period of agricultural development marked by extreme changes in farming techniques and crop production.

Water Frame

A spinning machine powered by water that allowed for the mass production of yarn.

Steam Engine

An engine that uses steam to generate power, pivotal in the Industrial Revolution for powering machinery.

Cotton Gin

A machine invented by Eli Whitney that quickly separates cotton fibers from their seeds, revolutionizing cotton production.

Bessemer Process

A method for producing steel from molten pig iron, making steel production more efficient.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow as people move from rural areas to urban centers.

Enclosure Act

A series of laws that consolidated small landholdings into larger farms, affecting rural populations.

Factory System

A method of manufacturing that began in the Industrial Revolution, characterized by the centralized production of goods in factories.

Tenement

A type of apartment building that housed the urban poor during the industrial era.

Capitalism

Privately owned property and businesses; goods acquired through competition; free-market economy.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention.

Socialism

Social and industrial welfare; state or community promote safe working conditions; young children not allowed to work; better education. Own means of production and property.

Communism

State-owned property and businesses; goods distributed based on need; workers united worldwide

Proletariats

The working class in a capitalist society, particularly the industrial workers.

Bourgeoisie

The middle and upper classes who own the means of production in a capitalist society.

Liberalism

No unnecessary government interference; freedom from social pressure; vote given to women and workers.

James Watt

An inventor credited with improving the steam engine, which became a key driver of the Industrial Revolution.

Eli Whitney

An American inventor known for inventing the cotton gin and promoting the use of interchangeable parts.

Richard Arkwright

A key figure in the Industrial Revolution known for inventing the water frame.

Adam Smith

Proposed a “Free Market Economy” and “Laissez Faire” aproches to the economy. He didnt want the government to approach it.

Karl Marx

A philosopher and economist known for his theories on socialism and communism.

John Stuart Mill

A philosopher and political economist known for his contributions to liberalism and social theory.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Scramble for Africa

The rapid invasion, colonization, and division of African territory by European powers in the late 19th century.

Social Darwinism

A theory that applied the concept of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism.

King Leopold II

The King of Belgium noted for his brutal exploitation of the Congo Free State.

Otto von Bismarck

The German chancellor known for unifying Germany and for his role in the Berlin Conference.

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884-1885 where European powers agreed on the partitioning of Africa.

Belgian Congo

A large area in Central Africa controlled by King Leopold II, marked by severe human rights abuses.

Nationalism

All countrymen unified by a common culture and history.

White Man's Burden

A belief that colonial powers had the responsibility to bring civilization to 'less developed' countries.

Protectorate

A state that is controlled and protected by another.

Sphere of Influence

An area in which a foreign power has exclusive rights and privileges.

Economic Imperialism

A form of imperialism where foreign powers control a country's economy.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers who served in the British army.

British East India Company

A private company granted a royal charter by Elizabeth I in 1600 to trade in India.

British Raj

The period of British rule in India from 1858 to 1947.

Sepoy Rebellion

An 1857 revolt in India against British rule, sparked by cultural and religious insensitivity.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-imperialist uprising in China from 1899 to 1901.