Honors Chemistry B - Unit 3: Gas Laws

5.0(2)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

welcome back.

Get a hint
Hint
Get a hint
Hint

let’s play a game of “some, none, or all” (flip me!)

Get a hint
Hint

i give you a statement, you tell me if that statement is true for all, some, or no gases

Card Sorting

1/34

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

"you have mass so you matter" - steward

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

35 Terms

1
New cards

welcome back.

2
New cards

let’s play a game of “some, none, or all” (flip me!)

i give you a statement, you tell me if that statement is true for all, some, or no gases

3
New cards

gases are matter

all

4
New cards

gases are flammable

some

5
New cards

gases are visible

some

6
New cards

gases react

some (REMEMBER: noble gases!)

7
New cards

yay you did it! next section

hi

8
New cards

true or false: gases weigh differently depending on their molar mass

true!

9
New cards

how do gases move?

process called diffusion

  • gas moves from high to low concentration
  • ie: when you burn a candle you can smell it
10
New cards

why do gases move at different speeds?

  • the more weight, the slower the gas is
  • or vice versa, the less it weighs the speedier it is
11
New cards

what is the law that relates the speed of gases to their molar mass?

graham’s law

<p>graham’s law</p>
12
New cards

what are the four parts of kinetic molecular theory

gases…

  1. are made of tiny particles, travelling in straight lines

  2. do not occupy volume

  3. collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic

  4. no attractive or repulsive forces between the particles

13
New cards

temperature

measure of kinetic energy

14
New cards

volume

amount of space an object occupies

15
New cards

what determines volume for gases?

size of container

16
New cards

pressure

force of gas particles hitting the container

17
New cards

if particles are rapidly and frequently hitting the sides of the container, would the pressure be higher or lower?

higher

18
New cards

how does area affect pressure?

higher area → lower pressure

lower area → higher pressure

magic.

19
New cards

what is STP?

Standard Temperature & Pressure

  • pressure → 1 atm
  • temperature → 273 K
20
New cards

now we get into the actual gas laws :D

yay

21
New cards

==Dalton’s Law==, what’s the tea?

==Dalton’s Law - Partial Pressure==

  • the total pressure of a gas mixture = the sum of the different gas components
  • not dependent on the weight of the gas, only the amount (it’s why we use moles!)
<p>==Dalton’s Law - Partial Pressure==</p>
<ul>
<li>the total pressure of a gas mixture = the sum of the different gas components </li>
<li><strong>not</strong> dependent on the <strong>weight</strong> of the gas, only the <strong>amount</strong> (it’s why we use moles!)</li>
</ul>
22
New cards

Example Problem: A mixture of 4.5% H2, 76% O2, and 19.5% N2 has a total pressure of 2.3 atm. What is the partial pressure of each of the gases?

PH2= 0.10 atm; PO2 1.75 atm; PN2= 0.45 atm

23
New cards

Next: @@Boyle’s Law@@

@@Boyle’s Law@@

  • changes pressure and volume
  • when moles and temperature are constant, presuure and volume have an inverse relationship
    • when one goes up, other goes down, and vice versa
<p>@@Boyle’s Law@@</p>
<ul>
<li>changes pressure and volume</li>
<li>when moles and temperature are constant, presuure and volume have an <strong>inverse</strong> relationship<ul>
<li>when one goes up, other goes down, and vice versa</li></ul></li>
</ul>
24
New cards

what kind of container would gas have to be in to undergo @@Boyle’s Law@@?

flexible container (like a balloon) because the volume is changing

25
New cards

Example Problem: a gas occupies 1.65L at 1.00 atm what will be the new volume if the pressure becomes 3.00 atm?

0.520L

26
New cards

CharlesLawCharles’ Law

CharlesLawCharles’ Law

  • V1/T1=V2/T2
  • V and T change, directly related
  • n and P are constant
27
New cards

Example Problem: When 10.5 L of gas at 20C is heated, the volume increases to 21 L. What is the new temperature in Celsius? Assume no other changes in the gas.

313 C

28
New cards

%%Gay-Lussac’s Law%%

%%Gay-Lussac’s Law%%

  • P1/T1=P2/T2
  • P and T change, directly related
  • n and V constant
29
New cards

When a gas has a pressure of 500 mmHg at 25C and is expanded to standard pressure, what happens to the temperature?

The temperature would rise to 452.96 K because the pressure and temperature are directly related

30
New cards

^^Combined Gas Law^^

^^Combined Gas Law^^

  • P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
  • amount of gas (moles) is the only constant
31
New cards

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

  • predicts behavior of gas
  • used to find one missing variable when you have the other three
32
New cards

what does the “R” stand for?

“R” → universal gas constant

  • 0.0821 (atm x L)/(K x mol)
33
New cards

what is the formula(s) to find molar mass?

M=m/n

  • M → Molar Mass
  • m → mass
  • n → mols

\
M=dRT/P

34
New cards

how do you find density?

d=m/v

35
New cards