Human Anatomy - Lab 3

What is 1?

Canaliculi

What is 2?

Cytoplasm of Osteocyte

What is 3?

Nucleus of Osteocyte

What is 4?

Osteocyte

What is 5?

Osteon (Haversian System)

What is 6?

Central Canal (Blood Vessels)

What is 7?

Lacunae

What are the 5 main types of bones?

• Long Bones

• Short Bones

• Sesamoid Bones

• Flat Bones

• Irregular Bones

What are long bones?

Bones that are longer than they are wide and made up primarily of compact bone.

Examples: arm bones, leg bones, and phalanges.

What are short bones?

Cube-shaped with a thin layer of compact bone.

Examples: wrist bones and ankle bones.

What are sesamoid bones?

Bones embedded in tendons.

Examples: patella and pisiform.

What are flat bones?

Thin and flat with parallel layers of compact bone.

Examples: sternum and bones of the skull.

What are irregular bones?

Bones that do not fit in any of the other categories.

Examples: vertebra and bones of the sinus.

What is an articulation?

A joint where two bones meet.

What is a projection?

Where muscles and ligaments attach.

What is a process?

An outgrowth from a larger body.

What is a spine?

A sharp, slender process.

What is a trochanter?

A large and rough process only found in the femur.

What is a tubercle?

A small, rounded process.

What is a crest?

A prominent ridge.

What is a condyle?

A rounded surface.

What is a head?

A prominent rounded surface.

What is fossa?

An elongated and moderately sized basin.

What is a foramen?

A hole in a bone through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

What is a meatus or canal?

A tunnel-like passage through a bone.

What is a sinus?

An air-filled space within a bone.

What is a fissure?

A slit-like opening in a bone.

What is a sulcus?

A groove.

What is a fovea?

A shallow depression.

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton.

How many bones are in the adult skull?

22 bones

What are the 8 bones of the cranium?

• Parietal bones (2)

• Temporal bones (2)

• Frontal bone

• Occipital bon

• Sphenoid bone

• Ethmoid bone

What are the 14 facial bones?

• Maxillae (2)

• Zygomatic bones (2)

• Lacrimal bones (2)

• Nasal bones (2)

• Inferior nasal conchae (2)

• Palatine bones (2)

• Mandible

• Vomer

What are the 4 sutures of the skull?

• Coronal suture

• Sagittal suture

• Lambdoid suture

• Squamosal suture

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

• Frontal

• Maxillary

• Sphenoid

• Ethmoidal

What are paranasal sinuses?

Paired areas within the skull that decrease the weight of the skull, form a resonance chamber for phonation, and contribute to mucus production in the nasal cavity.

What is 1?

Frontal Fontanelle

What is 2?

Occipital Fontanelle

What is 3?

Lambdoid Suture

What is 4?

Sagittal Suture

What is 5?

Coronal Suture

What is 1?

Squamous Suture

What is 2?

Lambdoid Suture

What is 3?

Coronal Suture

What is 1?

Frontal Bone

What is 2?

Sphenoid Bone

What is 3?

Ethmoid Bone

What is 4?

Parietal Bones (2)

What is 5?

Temporal Bones (2)

What is 6?

Occipital Bone

What is 1?

Nasal Bones (2)

What is 2?

Lacrimal Bones (2)

What is 3?

Inferior Nasal Concha (2)

What is 4?

Maxillae (2)

What is 5?

Mandible

What is 6?

Vomer

What is 7?

Zygomatic Bones (2)

What is 8?

Palatine Bones (2)

What bone is this? Why is it special?

The hyoid bone. It is a floating bone located posteriorly to the mandible and serves as an attachment point for many muscle involved in tongue movement and swallowing.

What are fontanelles?

The “soft spots” on the heads of newborn babies. They are areas between skull bones that have not yet been fully ossified.

What is 1?

Maxilla

What is 2?

Mandible

What is 3?

Anterior Fontanelle

What is 4?

Parietal Bone

What is 5?

Frontal Bone

What is 6?

Frontal Suture

What is 7?

Sagittal Suture

What is 8?

Posterior Fontanelle

What is 9?

Coronal Suture

Why are fontanelles important?

They allow for growth of the brain and skull during infant years.

What are sutures?

Immobile joints composed of connective fibrous tissue holding 2 bones together, usually in the skull; they follow an irregular, tight, twisting path.

Which singular bone is not joined by a suture in the skull?

The mandible

What bones contribute to the formation of the orbit (eye socket)?

Lacrimal Bone, Ethmoid Bone, Palatine Bone, Frontal Bone, Sphenoid Bone, Zygomatic Bone, Maxilla.

Why is the sphenoid bone called the keystone of the cranium?

Because it is in contact with all of the other cranial bones.

What are 2 possible functions of the sinus?

• Protect the skull from facial injuries.

• Helps keep bacteria and other microorganisms away from the body by producing a thin mucus that drains dirt, dust, and other pollutants.

What vertebra is this?

Atlas (C1)

What vertebra is this?

Axis (C2)

What vertebra is this?

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

What vertebra is this?

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

What vertebra is this?

Typical Lumbar Vertebrae

What is 1?

Vertebral Foramen

What is 2?

Transverse Foramen

What is 3?

Transverse Process

What is 1?

Dens

What is 2?

Vertebral Foramen

What is 1?

Vertebral Foramen

What is 2?

Body

What is 3?

Bifid Spinous Process

What is 4?

Transverse Foramen

What is 1?

Spinous Process

What is 2?

Transverse Costal Facet

What is 3?

Vertebral Foramen

What is 4?

Body

What is 5?

Transverse Process

What is 1?

Vertebral Foramen

What is 2?

Body

What is 3?

Transverse Process

What is 4?

Spinous Process

What is 1?

Sacral Canal

What is 2?

Posterior Sacral Foramen