Self Identity - Exam #5 (4.14)

Model of Self-Esteem: Competence

self-evaluation includes what you want to achieve + confidence

What is self-esteem

opinions someones creates about themselves

Models of Self-esteem: looking glasses self

view of ourselves comes from others reactions to us they are the reflection of who we are

Harters Test of Self Perception Findings

older kids will base their self esteem on both competence and looking glass

Harters Test of Self Perception procedure

ask kids to rate themselves and then how a friend/family would rate them in certain categories

Why is there a drop in self-esteem from 3rd grade to 6th grade

Formal Operations, child begins to see shades of grey

Around 6th grade is a hard time for ______ like ______

changes like moving, divorce, illness death

Gender Differences Boys

tend to be more consistent, base academics on grades self confidence, more confidence in sports and math

Gender Differences Girls

tend to be more variant, starting 4th grade will rate their appearance lower every year, base academics on behavior, more confident in reading, music, art

When/how do girls shift self concept

when they play sports

Mastery (growth) orientation 4-5 yrs old

in face of failure tended to stay positive, expect future success seek challenge, set learning goals

mastery orientation 12+ kids

intelligence is incremental
success is effort

helpless (fixed) orientation 4-5 yrs

sad, disappointed, doubt future, avoid challenge, set performance goals

helpless orientation

intelligence in fixed (entity)
ability is helpless

What do parents need to learn

praise effort rather than ability, avoid calling kids smart due to a good grades bc when they fail they think they’re not smart

khan academy - 3 groups

growth mindset : when you learn new math you grow you math brain
positive fixed: if you don’t succeed try again
nothing

Khan academy result

growth group did 3-5% better, gave better answers + persistence

Angela duckworth - GRIT

everyone does a hard thing, cant give up halfway, if you stop must pick new hard thing