Studied by 3 people
What is genetic exchange?
DNA from 1 molecule to another
What is gene?
unit of genetic information that encodes for a RNA
What does bacteria exchange?
plasmids
What do ciliates exchange?
micronuclei
What is conjugation
non-reproductive genetic combinaiton
What is sex lol?
combo of haploid cells
What kind of transfer does bacteria have.
Non reprociprical one
What is a macronucleus?
main cell nucleus and is involved in DNA transcription
What is a micronucleus?
exchanged between cells not involved with DNA transcription
What is a diatom
single celled protist
What is a cell wall made of?
Silica
True or false: 1 valve of a diatom’s cell wall can fit into the other.
True
True or false: New valve from diatom asexual reproductionis always bigger than the one inherited from the parent
False
True or false: the daughter cells are different sizes as one is the same size as the parent cell and one is smaller
true
After fertilization what does to the zygote form
Auxospore
What is the auxospore function
To grow to a max cell size and then creating a cell wall to resume asexual life cycle
What is the end product of a “male” diatom
4 sperm cells
What is the end product of a “female” diatom
undergo meiosis to produce a small number of egg cells
What are alleles?
Different versions of the same gene
What is the definition of heterozygous?
possessing 2 different alleles
What is the definition of homozygous?
Possessing the same allele
What is character?
observable feature of an organism
What is a trait?
Form of character
What is a phenotype
Observed properties of an individual
What is complete dominance
Alleles expressed over others
What is incomplete dominance
Heterozygous individuals with an intermediate trait
What is codominance
heterozygous individuals with both traits
What is a genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
What is a phenotype
Observed character
What are the mechanisms for inheritance
Genes are contained on chromosomes
Chromosomes sort independently during meiosis
gametes have a random assortment of inheritance
What is mendelian inheritance
pattern of inheritance observed from Mendel
What is a monohybrid cross
crossing 2 traits of the same characteristic
What is a dihybrid cross
crossing 2 traits with 2 different characteristic
What are the conditions for Mendelian Inheritance
genes on separate chromosomes (or far apart) and alleles are dominant and recessive
Conditions for non-mendelian inheritance
Genes are close on same chromosome or other allele interactions
Relationship between meoisis and inheritance
gametes will receive their alleles at random
Where do recessive traits appear
Only appear in homozygous recessive individuals
Where do dominant traits appear
Appear in homozygous dominant and heterozygous
What is epistasis
phenotypic expression where 1 gene is controlled by another
What is polygenic inheritance
additive effect of 2 or more genes on a single phenotypic character
What is pleiotropy?
1 gene affects multiple phenotypic characters
What is a mutation?
stable change in genetic material
True or false: environmental conditions determine sex of individual
true
What is X-Y system
Sex determined by the chromosome content of spem
Under the X-Y system, what are females considered
XX
Under the X-Y system, what are males considered
XY
What is the X-0 system
females having 2 sex chromosomes andmalles having 1
Under the X-0 system what are females considered
XX
Under the X-0 what are males considered
X0
What is the Z-W system
Sex determined by the content of the egg
Under the Z-W system what are females considered
ZW
Under the Z-W system what are males considered
ZZ
Are females haploid or diploid
diploid
Are males haploid or diploid
haploid
What are linked genes
genes in the same chromosome
Do Y-linked genes determine sex
Mostly
What are males considered for most X-linked genes
hemizygous
What must be true for a recessive x-linked gene to appear on females
they must be homozygous
Does organelle DNA mutate faster or slower than nuclear DNA
Faster
Where is organelle DNA inherited from
Mother
Note 
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